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What are the risks with testosterone therapy in boys?
What are the risks with testosterone therapy in boys? samer kareem 4,341 Views • 2 years ago

Testosterone treatment in adolescent boys with constitutional delay

What happens during and after a colonoscopy?
What happens during and after a colonoscopy? samer kareem 17,218 Views • 2 years ago

A colonoscope is the special tool used to perform a colonoscopy. It is a thin, flexible, tubular ‘telescope’ with a light and video camera that your doctor carefully guides through your colon in order to see and determine the health of your colon. Watch this animation to learn about the features of the colonoscope, how the colonoscopy procedure is performed and how polyps are removed, and the follow-up care you and your doctor should talk about after your procedure.

Pap smear test
Pap smear test samer kareem 33,255 Views • 2 years ago

In patients age ;::25, HPV DNA testing is the preferred next step in management if the initial cytology shows ASC-US. In this method, samples are collected for both cytology and reflex HPV DNA. If cytology results are positive, HPV DNA testing is performed. If cytology results are negative, the sample for HPV DNA is discarded. HPV DNA testing along with Pap smear at 3 years is recommended if initial cytology shows ASC-US but HPV DNA testing is negative

Basic Surgical Instrumentation
Basic Surgical Instrumentation samer kareem 1,381 Views • 2 years ago

Basic Surgical Instrumentation

Robotic snakes help surgeons access complex anatomical locations.
Robotic snakes help surgeons access complex anatomical locations. samer kareem 1,358 Views • 2 years ago

Robotic snakes help surgeons access complex anatomical locations.

Types of penile prosthesis
Types of penile prosthesis samer kareem 5,042 Views • 2 years ago

The inflatable penile prosthesis consists of two attached cylinders -- a reservoir and a pump -- which are placed surgically in the body. The two cylinders are inserted in the penis and connected by tubing to a separate reservoir of saline. The reservoir is implanted under the rectus muscles in the lower abdomen. The Coloplast Titan Touch inflatable penile prosthesis is a self-contained, fluid-filled system made from Bioflex and silicone.

labioplasty
labioplasty samer kareem 7,526 Views • 2 years ago

Labiaplasty is a surgical procedure that removes excess tissue from the labia, either for cosmetic reasons or for women who feel physical discomfort due to enlarged or elongated labia

Mastitis: Recognition and Treatment
Mastitis: Recognition and Treatment samer kareem 3,706 Views • 2 years ago

Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. You also might have fever and chills. Mastitis most commonly affects women who are breast-feeding (lactation mastitis), although sometimes this condition can occur in women who aren't breast-feeding. In most cases, lactation mastitis occurs within the first six to 12 weeks after giving birth (postpartum), but it can happen later during breast-feeding. The condition can cause you to feel run down, making it difficult to care for your baby. Sometimes mastitis leads a mother to wean her baby before she intends to, but continuing to breast-feed, even while taking an antibiotic for the mastitis, is better for you and your baby.

Diaper Rashes in Babies
Diaper Rashes in Babies samer kareem 2,512 Views • 2 years ago

Wetness. Even the most absorbent diaper leaves some moisture on your child's skin. And when your child's urine mixes with bacteria from his stool, it breaks down into ammonia, which can be very harsh on the skin. That's why children with frequent bowel movements or diarrhea are more prone to diaper rash.

Prosthetic hand that can feel
Prosthetic hand that can feel samer kareem 1,264 Views • 2 years ago

Prosthetic hand that can feel

IVC Filter
IVC Filter samer kareem 1,668 Views • 2 years ago

IVC filter is placed to prevent fatal Pulmonary Embolism due to Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT). This particular patient had extensive DVT of Ilio-Femoral veins leading to massive swelling of left lower limb. The IVC filter was inserted via the Right Femoral Vein. This case was the first IVC filter placement of North Bengal and adjoining areas.

Vascular Access Graft
Vascular Access Graft samer kareem 1,261 Views • 2 years ago

A surgeon creates an arteriovenous fistula by making a connection between an artery (which carries blood away from the heart) and a vein (which carries blood back to the heart). This artificial connection allows the vein to become larger and for the walls of the vein to thicken, a process termed maturation. A mature fistula makes it easier for the vein to be punctured repeatedly for dialysis. Maturation typically takes three to six months to occur, but in rare cases, can take up to a year. This makes advance planning for an arteriovenous fistula important. When a patient is felt to be approximately a year away from requiring dialysis, the patient should be referred for evaluation for possible creation of an arteriovenous fistula.

Heart dissection Explaination
Heart dissection Explaination samer kareem 14,549 Views • 2 years ago

Heart dissection Explaination

Vocal cord Reconstructions
Vocal cord Reconstructions samer kareem 1,602 Views • 2 years ago

The voice box, or larynx, has three important functions. It is necessary for breathing, voice and swallowing. The vocal folds have two positions, open (apart) for breathing (picture I) and closed (together) for making sound, coughing and sealing off the lungs when swallowing (picture II). When one of the vocal folds are paralyzed, it usually rests in an in-between position (picture III), and neither opens for breathing, nor closes for voicing, coughing, or swallowing. Usually, the effects on the voice are the most dramatic. The voice becomes weak and breathy. People can only say a few words per breath, and are frequently out-of-breath, or physically tired when trying to speak for more than a few minutes straight. The voice may also get somewhat high and squeaky, with a diminished range. Swallowing may be affected as well, where you may notice some choking or coughing with certain liquids. Your cough is frequently different and very weak. This is a serious problem for patients with with vocal fold paralysis because one of the most important functions of the larynx is to keep liquids out of the lungs, and to be able to cough up mucus. When this does not happen, you are at risk for getting an "aspiration" pneumonia. The surgical procedure to restore these important functions is called "medialization laryngoplasty"

Aortic Cannulation and Decannulation
Aortic Cannulation and Decannulation samer kareem 9,445 Views • 2 years ago

Cardiac Surgical Skills LaboratoryTraining Procedures:/n Aortic Cannulation and Decannulation/nCardiac surgery training

DRAINAGE OF A PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS
DRAINAGE OF A PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS samer kareem 3,620 Views • 2 years ago

A peritonsillar abscess forms in the tissues of the throat next to one of the tonsils. An abscess is a collection of pus that forms near an area of infected skin or other soft tissue. The abscess can cause pain, swelling, and, if severe, blockage of the throat. If the throat is blocked, swallowing, speaking, and even breathing become difficult. When an infection of the tonsils (known as tonsillitis) spreads and causes infection in the soft tissues, a peritonsillar abscess may result. Peritonsillar abscesses are generally uncommon. When they do occur they are more likely among young adults, adolescents, and older children.

Living with Tourette Syndrome
Living with Tourette Syndrome samer kareem 7,216 Views • 2 years ago

The cause for TS is unknown. Early research suggested that TS is an inherited condition (often, the person's near or distant relatives have had some form of transient or chronic tic disorder or associated symptoms). Recent studies point to a combination of environmental and genetic factors as a cause of the disorder. The specific genes involved in the development of TS are still being investigated. Studies suggest that TS has a neurological basis and results from an abnormality which affects the brain's metabolism of certain neurotransmitters (chemicals in the brain that regulate behavior.) Current research being funded by the Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA) will help provide more information about the causes and genetic factors of TS.

20 brain-dead humans back to life
20 brain-dead humans back to life samer kareem 1,635 Views • 2 years ago

Researchers have received approval to bring 20 brain-dead humans back to life

Alcohol-related liver diseases
Alcohol-related liver diseases samer kareem 3,154 Views • 2 years ago

Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries.

BENIGN  LIVER TUMORS
BENIGN LIVER TUMORS samer kareem 5,528 Views • 2 years ago

This form of liver cancer is called primary liver cancer. Noncancerous, or benign, liver tumors are common. They do not spread to other areas of the body, and they usually do not pose a serious health risk. In most cases, benign liver tumors are not detected because they cause no symptoms.

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