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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections of the urethra, bladder, ureters, or the kidneys, which comprise the urinary tract. E. coli bacteria cause the majority of UTIs, but many other bacteria, fungi, and parasites may also cause UTIs. Females have a higher risk for UTIs than most males, probably because of their anatomy; other risk factors for UTIs include any condition that may impede urine flow (e.g., enlarged prostate, kidney stones, congenital urinary tract abnormalities, and inflammation). Patients with catheters or those who undergo urinary surgery and men with enlarged prostates are at higher risk for UTIs.
Brachytherapy or localized radiation treatment can be used in certain patients with breast cancer. Depending on tumor size and other factor, physicians may use APBI or accelerated partial breast irradiation. Dr. Elizabeth Tapen, a radiation oncologist, reviews brachytherapy for breast cancer.
-Tibial stress fractures are common in athletes and nonathletes who suddenly increase their physical activity. Clinical features include pain, localized tenderness, and swelling. Plain x-ray is <50% sensitive for stress fractures, especially in the first 2-3 weeks after the onset of symptoms. MRI is preferred over bone scan or ultrasound as it can show the fracture line that extends through the cortex into the medullary line. MRI can also identify ligament, muscle, and cartilage injuries. However, MRI findings may be persistently abnormal for up to 1 year after the stress fracture has healed.
Dr. Fizan Abdullah is head of the Division of Pediatric Surgery and vice chair of the Department of Surgery at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. His special interests include Chest wall deformities, pectus excavatum, abdominal wall defects, neonatal surgery, pulmonary and upper airway malformations, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal and gastrointestinal anomalies, hernia repair, tissue engineering, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), surgical safety protocols and surgical infections.
Learn more at www.luriechildrens.org
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause, primarily occurring in older adults, limited to the lungs, and associated with the histopathologic and/or radiologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).[1] Signs and symptoms The clinical symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are nonspecific and can be shared with many pulmonary and cardiac diseases. Most patients present with a gradual onset (often >6 mo) of exertional dyspnea and/or a nonproductive cough. Approximately 5% of patients have no presenting symptoms when idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is serendipitously diagnosed.
Central catheters provide dependable intravenous access and enable hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling [1-3]. The jugular veins are one of the most popular sites for central venous access due to accessibility and overall low complication rates, and are the preferred site for temporary hemodialysis.
It flattens the natural curve of the spine, which can lead to lower back pain. Sleeping all night with the head turned to one side also strains the neck. If this is the preferred position, try using pillows to gradually train the body to sleep on one side
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. More fluid in your lungs means less oxygen can reach your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they need to function. ARDS typically occurs in people who are already critically ill or who have significant injuries. Severe shortness of breath — the main symptom of ARDS — usually develops within a few hours to a few days after the original disease or trauma. Many people who develop ARDS don't survive. The risk of death increases with age and severity of illness. Of the people who do survive ARDS, some recover completely while others experience lasting damage to their lungs.
Radiosurgery: Radiosurgery devices, such as the CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery System, offer patients a new option for the treatment of lung cancer. The CyberKnife® System is used to treat lung cancer patients who cannot tolerate surgery, have an inoperable tumor, or are seeking an alternative to surgery.