If you look at someone’s back, you’ll see that the spine runs straight down the middle. When a person has scoliosis, their backbone curves to the side. The angle of the curve may be small, large or somewhere in between. But anything that measures more than 10 degrees is considered scoliosis. Doctors may use the letters “C” and “S” to describe the curve of the backbone. You probably don’t look directly at too many spines, but what you might notice about someone with scoliosis is the way they stand. They may lean a little or have shoulders or hips that look uneven. What Causes Scoliosis? In as many as 80% of cases, doctors don’t find the exact reason for a curved spine. Scoliosis without a known cause is what doctors call “idiopathic.” Some kinds of scoliosis do have clear causes. Doctors divide those curves into two types -- structural and nonstructural. In nonstructural scoliosis, the spine works normally, but looks curved. Why does this happen? There are a number of reasons, such as one leg’s being longer than the other, muscle spasms, and inflammations like appendicitis. When these problems are treated, this type of scoliosis often goes away. In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can’t be reversed

Welcome to the latest episode of our Plastic Surgery Podcast!

In this episode, we discuss one of the most common cosmetic procedures in India - Gynecomastia surgery, also known as male breast reduction surgery.

Join us as we explore the causes, treatments, and personal experiences related to this condition.

Questions Answered in the Podcast:
✅2:04 What is Gynecomastia, and how common is it?
Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in men, affecting one in seven men.
✅3:40 What causes Gynecomastia?
Common causes include hormonal imbalances during adolescence and the misuse of anabolic steroids. Other causes include certain medications like spironolactone and finasteride.
✅4:12 Can Gynecomastia be treated without surgery?
While weight loss can reduce fat, glandular tissue requires surgical intervention for complete removal. Medications like Tamoxifen may block estrogen effects but cannot remove existing glandular tissue.
✅5:25 How is Gynecomastia diagnosed?
It can be diagnosed through physical examination, clinical signs like enlarged areolas, and ultrasound if necessary.
✅9:16 How is Gynecomastia graded, and why is it important?
Gynecomastia is graded into four stages, which helps in planning the appropriate surgical approach. Grades range from mild enlargement to severe feminization of the chest.
✅10:15 What are the surgical techniques for treating Gynecomastia?
Techniques range from traditional subcutaneous mastectomy to advanced procedures using peri-areolar incisions to our unique technique of lateral chest incisions to minimize scarring.
✅14:13 What is the recovery process like post-surgery?
Patients can generally resume normal activities within a week, with full recovery and visible results in about six weeks. Compression garments are recommended for six weeks to aid in skin tightening.
✅16:02 What are the social and psychological impacts of Gynecomastia?
Many men experience social embarrassment, reduced self-confidence, and mental health issues due to the condition.
✅18:00 Are there any risks or complications?
Risks include bleeding, infection, and seroma formation. Choosing an experienced surgeon and a proper medical facility can minimize these complications.
✅20:22 Will insurance cover Gynecomastia surgery?
Generally, Gynecomastia surgery is considered a cosmetic procedure and is not covered by insurance, although functional benefits exist.
✅21:40 Can Gynecomastia recur after surgery?
Recurrence is rare unless there are ongoing hormonal imbalances or continued use of medications that affect hormones. Proper pre-surgery assessment helps in minimizing the risk of recurrence.
✅23:28 How does one choose the right surgeon and facility?
To ensure safe and effective surgery, it is important to assess the surgeon’s qualifications, the facility’s standards, and the use of advanced technologies.
✅25:00 What is the importance of a supportive environment for patients?
A supportive environment, including informed parents and friends, can significantly enhance the patient’s confidence and post-surgery recovery experience.

Thank you for watching this episode of our Plastic Surgery Podcast.

If you have any questions or need further guidance regarding Gynecomastia or any other cosmetic procedures, feel free to reach out.

We're here to provide honest, scientific, and candid advice.

Be a part of our Gynecomastia community.

✅ Get insights from our patient community
✅ Ask our board-certified plastic surgeons anything
✅ View the before-and-after patients' results
✅ Connect with other patients & ask them about their experience
✅ First of its a kind initiative in INDIA for patient education and interaction
Gynecomastia Helpline: +91 95689 99333

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

About Dr. Rajat Gupta and RG Aesthetics

At RG Aesthetics, India’s best plastic surgeon, Dr. Rajat Gupta is at your service! With 13 years of experience, brand certification, and international recognition, Dr. Gupta is the solution to all your contouring needs.

His expertise in liposuction techniques combined with the state-of-the-art technology available at RG Aesthetics ensures we continue providing the most reliable services with incredible, instantaneous results!

Our equipment allows for every kind of liposuction there is – especially the minimally invasive kinds. Dr. Gupta reflects RG Aesthetics’ belief of the patient’s comfort always being paramount. Procedures at RG Aesthetics, under Dr. Rajat Gupta, minimize trauma and speed up recovery time for the best results!

Schedule a Consultation:
✅ Call: +91 - 9251-711-711
✅ contact@drrajatgupta.com
✅ Visit: www.drrajatgupta.com

#gynecomastia #malebreastreduction #plasticsurgery #cosmeticsurgery #gynecomastiasurgery #hormonalimbalance #anabolicsteroids #bodyconfidence #healthandwellbeing #patientjourney #surgicaltechniques #plasticsurgeon #mentalhealth #postsurgeryrecovery

Triplet C-section

Subscribe to the Nucleus Biology channel to see new animations on biology and other science topics, plus short quizzes to ace your next exam: https://bit.ly/3lH1CzV

For Employees of Hospitals, Schools, Universities and Libraries: Download 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial: http://nmal.nucleusmedicalmedi....a.com/free-trial-mem

This animation by Nucleus shows you the function of plant and animal cells for middle school and high school biology, including organelles like the nucleus, nucleolus, DNA (chromosomes), ribosomes, mitochondria, etc. Also included are ATP molecules, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, microtubules, proteins, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell walls, cell membrane, cilia, flagellae, etc.

0:07 What is a cell?




0:35 What are the 2 categories of cells?

1:22 What is an Organelle? DNA, Chromatin, Chromosomes

2:06 Organelles: Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum

2:59 Organelles: ER function, Vesicles, Golgi Body (Apparatus)

3:50 Organelles: Vacuole, Lysosome, Mitochondrion

4:45 Organelles: Cytoskeleton

5:04 Plant Cell Chloroplast, Cell Wall

5:43 Unique Cell Structures: Cilia

Watch another version of this video, narrated by biology teacher Joanne Jezequel here: https://youtu.be/cbiyKH9uPUw


#cell #nucleus #biology

----

Watch other Nucleus Biology videos:
- Controlled Experiments: https://youtu.be/D3ZB2RTylR4
- Independent vs. Dependent Variables: https://youtu.be/nqj0rJEf3Ew
- Active Transport: https://youtu.be/ufCiGz75DAk

----

Learn more about the company that created this video: http://www.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/
https://www.instagram.com/nucleusmedicalmedia

This animation won a Platinum Best of Show Aurora Award in 2016.

Prenatal repair of myelomeningocele (MMC), the most common and severe form of spina bifida, is a delicate surgical procedure where fetal surgeons open the uterus and close the opening in the baby's back while they are still in the womb.

Bone cancer symptoms. Possible symptoms of bone cancer include: Bone pain: Pain is the most common sign of bone cancer, and may become more noticeable as the tumor grows. Bone pain can cause a dull or deep ache in a bone or bone region (e.g., back, pelvis, legs, ribs, arms).

Endoscopic fenestration of arachnoid cyst in middle fossa

This medical animation is aimed at educating patients about the basics of a Carotid Endarectomy.

Anatomy of The Upper Limb Joints

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Rectal Resection for Endometriosis

Various laparoscopic techniques have been described for the insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters. However, most use 3 to 4 ports, thus multiplying the potential risk for abdominal wall complications (hemorrhage, hernia, leaking). With the technique presented herein a Tenckhoff catheter is plac...ed laparoscopically, using just 1 port, in 13 consecutive patients with end-stage renal failure. The catheter is fixed in the abdominal cavity with no additional ports for this purpose. The simplicity and the rapidity of the method justifies serious consideration for its use as the standard Tenckhoff catheter placement.

breast augmentation-breast implants

SCOOP transtracheal oxygen is indicated for patients with chronic hypoxemia which persists in spite of optimal medical therapy. Arterial blood gases obtained while breathing room air should show a PaO2< 55 mm Hg. SCOOP transtracheal oxygen is also indicated for patients with a PaO2 of 56-59 mm Hg ...

if they also have: 1) dependent edema suggesting congestive heart failure, 2) "P" pulmonale on EKG (P wave greater than 3mm in standard leads II, III or AVF), or 3) erythrocythemia with a hematocrit of >55%.

Watch Dr. Robert Thomas, of Panorama Orthopedics & Spine Center, perform a Mako Knee replacement. He narrates each step of the process.

stop gunshot wound bleeding in 15 seconds

Spina bifida is a type of birth defect called a neural tube defect. It occurs when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) don't form properly around part of the baby's spinal cord. Spina bifida can be mild or severe. The mild form is the most common.

If left untreated, these “brain blisters” can lead to stroke. Get unprecedented access inside the angiosuite to see how Babak Jahromi, MD, PhD, treats a cerebral aneurysm without ever opening the skull. #InsideTheOR

.

Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:04 Why do doctors perform laparoscopy?
2:11 How is laparoscopy performed?
3:22 Result
3:47 Risk of laparoscopy

Laparoscopy (from Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapára) 'flank, side', and σκοπέω (skopéō) 'to see') is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis using small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera. The laparoscope aids diagnosis or therapeutic interventions with a few small cuts in the abdomen.[1]

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive procedure, bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an exploratory laparotomy. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions, reduced hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time. The key element is the use of a laparoscope, a long fiber optic cable system that allows viewing of the affected area by snaking the cable from a more distant, but more easily accessible location.

Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery performed on the thoracic or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery. Specific surgical instruments used in laparoscopic surgery include obstetrical forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy. The first laparoscopic procedure was performed by German surgeon Georg Kelling in 1901. There are two types of laparoscope:[2]

A telescopic rod lens system, usually connected to a video camera (single-chip or three-chip)
A digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system

The mechanism mentioned in the second type is mainly used to improve the image quality of flexible endoscopes, replacing conventional fiberscopes. Nevertheless, laparoscopes are rigid endoscopes. Rigidity is required in clinical practice. The rod-lens-based laparoscopes dominate overwhelmingly in practice, due to their fine optical resolution (50 µm typically, dependent on the aperture size used in the objective lens), and the image quality can be better than that of the digital camera if necessary. The second type of laparoscope is very rare in the laparoscope market and in hospitals.[citation needed]

Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a "cold" light source (halogen or xenon) to illuminate the operative field, which is inserted through a 5 mm or 10 mm cannula or trocar. The abdomen is usually insufflated with carbon dioxide gas. This elevates the abdominal wall above the internal organs to create a working and viewing space. CO2 is used because it is common to the human body and can be absorbed by tissue and removed by the respiratory system. It is also non-flammable, which is important because electrosurgical devices are commonly used in laparoscopic procedures.[3]
Procedures
Surgeons perform laparoscopic stomach surgery.
Patient position

During the laparoscopic procedure, the position of the patient is either in Trendelenburg position or in reverse Trendelenburg. These positions have an effect on cardiopulmonary function. In Trendelenburg's position, there is an increased preload due to an increase in the venous return from lower extremities. This position results in cephalic shifting of the viscera, which accentuates the pressure on the diaphragm. In the case of reverse Trendelenburg position, pulmonary function tends to improve as there is a caudal shifting of viscera, which improves tidal volume by a decrease in the pressure on the diaphragm. This position also decreases the preload on the heart and causes a decrease in the venous return leading to hypotension. The pooling of blood in the lower extremities increases the stasis and predisposes the patient to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT).[4]
Gallbladder

Rather than a minimum 20 cm incision as in traditional (open) cholecystectomy, four incisions of 0.5–1.0 cm, or more recently, a single incision of 1.5–2.0 cm,[5] will be sufficient to perform a laparoscopic removal of a gallbladder. Since the gallbladder is similar to a small balloon that stores and releases bile, it can usually be removed from the abdomen by suctioning out the bile and then removing the deflated gallbladder through the 1 cm incision at the patient's navel. The length of postoperative stay in the hospital is minimal, and same-day discharges are possible in cases of early morning procedures.[citation needed]
Colon and kidney

A simple conversation can go a long way in protecting your loved ones from atrial fibrillation related strokes.