What causes rheumatic fever? Rheumatic fever is not an infection itself, but rather the result of an untreated strep infection. When your body senses the strep infection, it sends antibodies to fight it. Sometimes, these antibodies attack the tissues of your joints or heart instead. If the antibodies attack your heart, they can cause your heart valves to swell, which can lead to scarring of the valve "doors" (called leaflets or cusps). Who is at risk for rheumatic fever? Fewer than 0.3% of people who have strep throat also get rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is most common among children aged 5 to 15, but adults may have the condition as well. Doctors think that a weakened immune system may make some people more likely to get rheumatic fever. And, although antibiotic medicines have reduced the number of cases of rheumatic fever in developed countries, there are still thousands of reported cases. What are the symptoms of rheumatic fever and how is it diagnosed? Symptoms of rheumatic fever usually begin 1 to 6 weeks after you have had a strep infection. They are Fever Joint pain or swelling in your wrists, elbows, knees, or ankles Small bumps under the skin over your elbows or knees (called nodules) A raised, red rash on your chest, back, or stomach Stomach pain or feeling less hungry Weakness, shortness of breath, or feeling very tired Your doctor will begin by doing a throat culture to find out if you have a strep infection. Then, your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to your heart. He or she will also look for nodules on your joints. Sometimes, blood tests, chest x-rays, or an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) may be needed for a more definite diagnosis. How is rheumatic fever treated? Rheumatic fever must be treated right away. If you have a sore throat that lasts longer than 3 days, or if you have a fever and headache along with your sore throat, you should see your doctor for a throat culture. Even if you do not have a sore throat but have a fever and a skin rash, this could also mean a strep infection, and you should get tested. Remember rheumatic fever can result from an untreated strep infection, so it is very important to treat the infection before it leads to a worse condition.

Here are seven ways to start reining in your risks today, before a stroke has the chance to strike. Lower blood pressure. ... Lose weight. ... Exercise more. ... Drink — in moderation. ... Treat atrial fibrillation. ... Treat diabetes. ... Quit smoking.

Glycogen storage disease (GSD, also glycogenosis and dextrinosis) is the result of defects in the processing of glycogen synthesis or breakdown within muscles, liver, and other cell types. GSD has two classes of cause: genetic and acquired.

A unique video confirming the reality of the introduction of a large amount of irrigant or drug solution into unoperated paranasal sinuses. How is the process of filling the paranasal sinuses in real time during the YAMIK procedure! The use of the YAMIK Nasal Catheter opens up incredible possibilities for the treatment of sinusitis in both children and adults.

How to start a peripheral IV in the dorsum of the hand: clinical nursing skill technique.

Starting an IV (intravenous catheter) can be an intimidating experience for nurses, especially nursing students and new nurses. However, nurses will perform IV insertions often, so this is an important nursing skill to learn.

Before starting an IV, always follow the protocols of your facility, as well as manufacturer's instructions for any supplies used.

In this video, Nurse Sarah demonstrates how to start a peripheral IV in the dorsum of the hand. Prior to inserting the IV, you'll want to do the following:

-Gather supplies
-Perform hand hygiene
-Prepare supplies (including priming the saline flush, removing air from extension tubing, opening packages, completing labels, and any other steps required by your facility.
-Locate a suitable vein
-Perform hand hygiene
-Don gloves


If the patient has a lot of hair, you might want to use clippers to trim the hairs prior to starting the IV. You may also apply a tourniquet to help veins move near the surface of the skin.


Next, you'll want to clean the site using the cleaner that came in the IV start kit, such as ChloraPrep.


Once the site has dried completely, you can insert the IV. Stabilize the vein with your non-dominant hand, and insert the IV's needle into the vein, watching carefully for blood return (or a blood flash) in the chamber. Advance the IV around 2mm more to ensure the plastic cannula is in the vein, then thread the cannula into the vein and press the needle safety button.

Notes: https://www.registerednursern.....com/how-to-start-an-
IV Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbG_1-_mnoo&list=PLQrdx7rRsKfXr6kruqEpIovf66sxo0gxh



This video also demonstrates how to flush the IV using the push-pause method, how to secure the IV using the Tegaderm dressing that came with the IV start kit, considerations of the different cap types and the clamp sequence, and more.



For more information, watch the complete tutorial.

#nurse #nursing #iv #startiv #ivtherapy



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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disorder that can lead to easy or excessive bruising and bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelets — the cells that help blood clot. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, which is also called immune thrombocytopenia, affects children and adults. Children often develop ITP after a viral infection and usually recover fully without treatment. In adults, the disorder is often long term. If you don't have signs of bleeding and your platelet count isn't too low, you may not need any treatment. In rare cases, the number of platelets may be so low that dangerous internal bleeding occurs. Treatment options are available.

Debridement is the removal of necrotic tissue, foreign debris, bacterial growth, callus, wound edge, and wound bed tissue from chronic wounds in order to stimulate the wound healing process. Stimulation of wound healing mediated by debridement is thought to occur by the conversion of a chronic non-healing wound environment to an acute healing environment through the removal of cells that are not responsive to endogenous healing stimuli. Debridement is used commonly in standard wound treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods of debridement include surgery (sharp debridement), chemical debridement (antiseptics, polysaccharide beads, pastes), autolytic (hydrogels, hydrocolloids and transparent films), biosurgery (maggots), mechanical (hydrodebridement), and biochemical debridement (enzyme preparations). Callus is a buildup of keratinized skin formed under conditions of repeated pressure or friction and may contribute to ulcer formation by creating focal areas of high plantar pressure. The debridement of callus has been proposed to be relevant for both treatment and prevention of DFU. The purpose of this report is to retrieve and review existing evidence of comparative clinical effectiveness of different methods of debridement for the treatment of DFUs. Additionally examined in this report is the clinical effectiveness for treatment and prevention of DFU using callus debridement. Cost-effectiveness, and existing debridement guidelines for the treatment of DFUs will also be reviewed.

This video is designed for my introductory A&P course to study the endocrine system. This tutorial will take you through the various endocrine organs, hormones produced, and effects at each tissue. Prolactin is one of the 5 hormones we are studying of the anterior pituitary. SHOW MORE

Many children receive MRIs at the hospital, and it can often be a scary experience if they are unprepared or don't know what to expect.

Preparing The Kidney for Transplant

Ellis Parker MSN, RN-BC, CNE, CHSE covers Incentive Spirometry. The Critical Nursing Skills - Shorts series is intended to help RN and PN nursing students study for nursing school exams, including the ATI, HESI and NCLEX.

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Watch that Full Real Human Body Decomposition Process

Frostbite is an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues. First your skin becomes very cold and red, then numb, hard and pale. Frostbite is most common on the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin. Exposed skin in cold, windy weather is most vulnerable to frostbite. But frostbite can occur on skin covered by gloves or other clothing. Frostnip, the first stage of frostbite, doesn't cause permanent skin damage. You can treat very mild frostbite with first-aid measures, including rewarming your skin. All other frostbite requires medical attention because it can damage skin, tissues, muscle and bones. Possible complications of severe frostbite include infection and nerve damage.

Patients with candida endophthalmitis who have chorioretinitis with vitreal involvement should be treated with vitrectomy and systemic antifungal therapy with amphotericin B (Choice B) and/or fluconazole. An early vitrectomy improves the likelihood of a positive outcome, and intravitreal injection of amphotericin B may be of help. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of candida endophthalmitis is essential, as the condition can worsen quickly.

Bleeding during the ligation of an artery during right hemicolectomy

Watch that Disgusting Skin Jiggers Removing