If the artery were severed, blood would flow out unimpeded, although the artery wall would contract in an effort to stop the bleeding. After losing >30% of one's blood volume blood pressure would start dropping, and with less pressure the rate of bleeding would go down. At this stage if the blood loss wasn't replaced the person could die. Losing halve to two thirds of one's blood volume is considered to be fatal even if later on blood transfusion is attempted. One's total blood volume at 70ml/kg is estimated to be between 5 to 7 liters, so that makes a blood loss of between 2,5 to 4,7 L.

Welcome to the latest episode of our Plastic Surgery Podcast!

In this episode, we discuss one of the most common cosmetic procedures in India - Gynecomastia surgery, also known as male breast reduction surgery.

Join us as we explore the causes, treatments, and personal experiences related to this condition.

Questions Answered in the Podcast:
✅2:04 What is Gynecomastia, and how common is it?
Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in men, affecting one in seven men.
✅3:40 What causes Gynecomastia?
Common causes include hormonal imbalances during adolescence and the misuse of anabolic steroids. Other causes include certain medications like spironolactone and finasteride.
✅4:12 Can Gynecomastia be treated without surgery?
While weight loss can reduce fat, glandular tissue requires surgical intervention for complete removal. Medications like Tamoxifen may block estrogen effects but cannot remove existing glandular tissue.
✅5:25 How is Gynecomastia diagnosed?
It can be diagnosed through physical examination, clinical signs like enlarged areolas, and ultrasound if necessary.
✅9:16 How is Gynecomastia graded, and why is it important?
Gynecomastia is graded into four stages, which helps in planning the appropriate surgical approach. Grades range from mild enlargement to severe feminization of the chest.
✅10:15 What are the surgical techniques for treating Gynecomastia?
Techniques range from traditional subcutaneous mastectomy to advanced procedures using peri-areolar incisions to our unique technique of lateral chest incisions to minimize scarring.
✅14:13 What is the recovery process like post-surgery?
Patients can generally resume normal activities within a week, with full recovery and visible results in about six weeks. Compression garments are recommended for six weeks to aid in skin tightening.
✅16:02 What are the social and psychological impacts of Gynecomastia?
Many men experience social embarrassment, reduced self-confidence, and mental health issues due to the condition.
✅18:00 Are there any risks or complications?
Risks include bleeding, infection, and seroma formation. Choosing an experienced surgeon and a proper medical facility can minimize these complications.
✅20:22 Will insurance cover Gynecomastia surgery?
Generally, Gynecomastia surgery is considered a cosmetic procedure and is not covered by insurance, although functional benefits exist.
✅21:40 Can Gynecomastia recur after surgery?
Recurrence is rare unless there are ongoing hormonal imbalances or continued use of medications that affect hormones. Proper pre-surgery assessment helps in minimizing the risk of recurrence.
✅23:28 How does one choose the right surgeon and facility?
To ensure safe and effective surgery, it is important to assess the surgeon’s qualifications, the facility’s standards, and the use of advanced technologies.
✅25:00 What is the importance of a supportive environment for patients?
A supportive environment, including informed parents and friends, can significantly enhance the patient’s confidence and post-surgery recovery experience.

Thank you for watching this episode of our Plastic Surgery Podcast.

If you have any questions or need further guidance regarding Gynecomastia or any other cosmetic procedures, feel free to reach out.

We're here to provide honest, scientific, and candid advice.

Be a part of our Gynecomastia community.

✅ Get insights from our patient community
✅ Ask our board-certified plastic surgeons anything
✅ View the before-and-after patients' results
✅ Connect with other patients & ask them about their experience
✅ First of its a kind initiative in INDIA for patient education and interaction
Gynecomastia Helpline: +91 95689 99333

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About Dr. Rajat Gupta and RG Aesthetics

At RG Aesthetics, India’s best plastic surgeon, Dr. Rajat Gupta is at your service! With 13 years of experience, brand certification, and international recognition, Dr. Gupta is the solution to all your contouring needs.

His expertise in liposuction techniques combined with the state-of-the-art technology available at RG Aesthetics ensures we continue providing the most reliable services with incredible, instantaneous results!

Our equipment allows for every kind of liposuction there is – especially the minimally invasive kinds. Dr. Gupta reflects RG Aesthetics’ belief of the patient’s comfort always being paramount. Procedures at RG Aesthetics, under Dr. Rajat Gupta, minimize trauma and speed up recovery time for the best results!

Schedule a Consultation:
✅ Call: +91 - 9251-711-711
✅ contact@drrajatgupta.com
✅ Visit: www.drrajatgupta.com

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Endoscopic fenestration of arachnoid cyst in middle fossa

Elbow. In primates, including humans, the elbow joint is the synovial hinge joint between the humerus in the upper arm and the radius and ulna in the forearm which allows the hand to be moved towards and away from the body.

In this instructional video, Director of Critical Care Nephrology, Sevag Demirjian, MD goes over the steps for in-hospital production of ultra-pure continuous hemodialysis fluid.

By using the information in this video and/or any other materials made available by Cleveland Clinic related to the dialysate solution, you agree to comply with and be bound by the terms of the Permissive Use Agreement, a copy of which is available at https://bit.ly/3f9lN4j

Watch Dr. Robert Thomas, of Panorama Orthopedics & Spine Center, perform a Mako Knee replacement. He narrates each step of the process.

Subcuticular Pattern Continuous Suture

Fistulotomy - Removal of Seton

Pectus excavatum (hollow chest) deformity is not uncommon (sometimes mild and other times severe in its form). The chest deformity is often the source of self-consciousness for the patients while growing up. Several surgical techniques (Nuss procedure, Ravitch procedure, etc) are available.

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:04 Why do doctors perform laparoscopy?
2:11 How is laparoscopy performed?
3:22 Result
3:47 Risk of laparoscopy

Laparoscopy (from Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapára) 'flank, side', and σκοπέω (skopéō) 'to see') is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis using small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera. The laparoscope aids diagnosis or therapeutic interventions with a few small cuts in the abdomen.[1]

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive procedure, bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an exploratory laparotomy. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions, reduced hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time. The key element is the use of a laparoscope, a long fiber optic cable system that allows viewing of the affected area by snaking the cable from a more distant, but more easily accessible location.

Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery performed on the thoracic or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery. Specific surgical instruments used in laparoscopic surgery include obstetrical forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy. The first laparoscopic procedure was performed by German surgeon Georg Kelling in 1901. There are two types of laparoscope:[2]

A telescopic rod lens system, usually connected to a video camera (single-chip or three-chip)
A digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system

The mechanism mentioned in the second type is mainly used to improve the image quality of flexible endoscopes, replacing conventional fiberscopes. Nevertheless, laparoscopes are rigid endoscopes. Rigidity is required in clinical practice. The rod-lens-based laparoscopes dominate overwhelmingly in practice, due to their fine optical resolution (50 µm typically, dependent on the aperture size used in the objective lens), and the image quality can be better than that of the digital camera if necessary. The second type of laparoscope is very rare in the laparoscope market and in hospitals.[citation needed]

Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a "cold" light source (halogen or xenon) to illuminate the operative field, which is inserted through a 5 mm or 10 mm cannula or trocar. The abdomen is usually insufflated with carbon dioxide gas. This elevates the abdominal wall above the internal organs to create a working and viewing space. CO2 is used because it is common to the human body and can be absorbed by tissue and removed by the respiratory system. It is also non-flammable, which is important because electrosurgical devices are commonly used in laparoscopic procedures.[3]
Procedures
Surgeons perform laparoscopic stomach surgery.
Patient position

During the laparoscopic procedure, the position of the patient is either in Trendelenburg position or in reverse Trendelenburg. These positions have an effect on cardiopulmonary function. In Trendelenburg's position, there is an increased preload due to an increase in the venous return from lower extremities. This position results in cephalic shifting of the viscera, which accentuates the pressure on the diaphragm. In the case of reverse Trendelenburg position, pulmonary function tends to improve as there is a caudal shifting of viscera, which improves tidal volume by a decrease in the pressure on the diaphragm. This position also decreases the preload on the heart and causes a decrease in the venous return leading to hypotension. The pooling of blood in the lower extremities increases the stasis and predisposes the patient to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT).[4]
Gallbladder

Rather than a minimum 20 cm incision as in traditional (open) cholecystectomy, four incisions of 0.5–1.0 cm, or more recently, a single incision of 1.5–2.0 cm,[5] will be sufficient to perform a laparoscopic removal of a gallbladder. Since the gallbladder is similar to a small balloon that stores and releases bile, it can usually be removed from the abdomen by suctioning out the bile and then removing the deflated gallbladder through the 1 cm incision at the patient's navel. The length of postoperative stay in the hospital is minimal, and same-day discharges are possible in cases of early morning procedures.[citation needed]
Colon and kidney

A simple conversation can go a long way in protecting your loved ones from atrial fibrillation related strokes.

If you look at someone’s back, you’ll see that the spine runs straight down the middle. When a person has scoliosis, their backbone curves to the side. The angle of the curve may be small, large or somewhere in between. But anything that measures more than 10 degrees is considered scoliosis. Doctors may use the letters “C” and “S” to describe the curve of the backbone. You probably don’t look directly at too many spines, but what you might notice about someone with scoliosis is the way they stand. They may lean a little or have shoulders or hips that look uneven. What Causes Scoliosis? In as many as 80% of cases, doctors don’t find the exact reason for a curved spine. Scoliosis without a known cause is what doctors call “idiopathic.” Some kinds of scoliosis do have clear causes. Doctors divide those curves into two types -- structural and nonstructural. In nonstructural scoliosis, the spine works normally, but looks curved. Why does this happen? There are a number of reasons, such as one leg’s being longer than the other, muscle spasms, and inflammations like appendicitis. When these problems are treated, this type of scoliosis often goes away. In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can’t be reversed

Homan’s sign test also called dorsiflexon sign test is a physical examination procedure that is used to test for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). A positive Homan’s sign in the presence of other clinical signs may be a quick indicator of DVT. Clinical evaluation alone cannot be relied on for patient management, but when carefully performed, it remains useful in determining the need for additional testing (like D-dimer test, ultrasonography, multidetector helical computed axial tomography (CT), and pulmonary angiography) [1][2].

Watch that video of Sperm Formation and Ejaculation Process

Bone cancer symptoms. Possible symptoms of bone cancer include: Bone pain: Pain is the most common sign of bone cancer, and may become more noticeable as the tumor grows. Bone pain can cause a dull or deep ache in a bone or bone region (e.g., back, pelvis, legs, ribs, arms).

Liquid Zeolite is one of best natural Zeolite products which is used to remove the cancer cells and tumor. This is helpful to activate P21 tumor gene to remove the tumor. For more information visit our website at http://www.pureliquidzeolite.com/.

Musculoskeletal Physical Examination Lecture

This particular video is intended as a demonstration of Neurologic Examination. This demonstration is intended as an example of a neurologic exam which may be used as part of the initial evaluation of patients with complaints that may have an underlying neurologic origin. This video is solely for educational purposes and intended for use to prepare for OSCEs incorporating standardized patient encounters. It is not intended as a demonstration of a comprehensive neurologic examination and is not intended as medical advice or medical guidelines.

It is not intended as a complete instructional video and should not be considered a source of complete physical examination instruction.

Instead, it should be treated as a supplement to independent learning using primary Osteopathic Clinical Skills instructional resources. Clinical skills are best learned and developed with support from faculty in the context of a complete Osteopathic Medical School Curriculum.

Osteopathic Clinical Skills is a channel dedicated to discussing and exploring Osteopathic Clinical Skills concepts for medical students, residents, and clinicians and presenting them in an easy to understand manner.

Attributions:
Many thanks to the University of North Texas Health Science Center Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine (UNTHSC - TCOM) for permitting use of the Simulation facilities and equipment during the production of this video.

Additional thanks to the UNTHSC-TCOM standardized patient and faculty volunteers who participated in this production and provided permission for the use of their image in this video.

Acute sinusitis can be triggered by a cold or allergies and may resolve on its own. Chronic sinusitis lasts up to eight weeks and may be caused by an infection or growths. Symptoms include headache, facial pain, runny nose, and nasal congestion. Acute sinusitis usually doesn't require any treatment beyond symptomatic relief with pain medications, nasal decongestants, and nasal saline rinses. Chronic sinusitis may require antibiotics.