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A brief video demonstrating an Open Cholecystectomy surgery

The majority of fetuses are in a breech presentation early in pregnancy. By week 38th week of gestation, however, the fetus normally turns to a cephalic presentation. Although the fetal head is the widest single diameter, the fetus’s buttocks [ breech], plus the lower extremities, actually takes up more space. The fundus, being the largest part of the uterus, probably accounts for the fact that in approximately 97% of all pregnancies, the fetus turns so that the buttocks and lower extremities are in the fundus. Vaginal delivery of a breech presentation requires great skill if the fetus is not to be damaged. With the low rate of vaginal breech deliveries in the developed world, experience is being lost. 6% of women with breech presentation still have a vaginal breech delivery as they present too late - so units need to retain a high level of preparedness. Types of breech presentation: I. Complete breech [ flexed breech]: The fetal attitude is one of complete flexion, with hips and knees both flexed and the feet tucked in beside the buttocks. The presenting part consists of two buttocks, external genitalia and two feet. It is commonly present in multiparae. II. Incomplete breech: This is due to varying degrees of extension of thighs or legs at podalic pole. Three varieties are possible; - Breech with extended legs [ frank breech ]: The breech presents with the hips flexed and legs extended on the abdomen. 70% of breech presentations are of this type and it is particularly common in primigravidae whose good uterine muscle tone inhibits flexion of the legs and free turning of the fetus. - Footling breech: This is rare. One or both feet present because neither hips nor knees are fully flexed. The feet are lower than the buttocks, which distinguishes it from the complete breech. - Knee presentation: This is very rare. Thighs are extended but the knees are flexed, bringing the knees down to present at the brim.

A distal radius fracture almost always occurs about 1 inch from the end of the bone. The break can occur in many different ways, however. One of the most common distal radius fractures is a Colles fracture, in which the broken fragment of the radius tilts upward. This fracture was first described in 1814 by an Irish surgeon and anatomist, Abraham Colles -- hence the name "Colles" fracture.

For blunt trauma patients lying supine, drains should be placed anteriorly in the chest. This pevents a tension pneumothorax developing if the chest tube is blocked by dependent lung tissue. Normal movement of the lungs will allow drainage of a basal haemothorax through an anterior chest tube

Our results in this study of MIPO treated with conventional plates are comparable to the results of the femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. The technique can be used for all femoral shaft fractures. Although the biomechanics of the plate fixation are less stable compared to the intamedullary nail, the mechanical stability is stable enough for bone healing. Healing was rapid, and postoperative care was simplified. The two major complications were malalignment and screw breakage. We recommend using at least three separated screws in each fragment to prevent stress on the screw and screw breakage. Intraoperative limb length, axial alignment, and rotation must be carefully assessed to prevent malalignment. The limitations of our study include lack of a comparison group, retrospective data collection, and no randomisation in outcome evaluation

Electrical cardioversion is a procedure in which an electric current is used to reset the heart's rhythm back to its regular pattern (normal sinus rhythm). The low-voltage electric current enters the body through metal paddles or patches applied to the chest wall.

Anterior vaginal wall relaxation (cystocele) is one of the most commonly diagnosed forms of pelvic organ prolapse in women. More than 200,000 cystocele repairs are completed yearly, however to date the procedures that are completed do not provide very high cure rates and/or poor anatomic outcomes. Successful treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse remains one of the most challenging aspects of pelvic reconstructive surgery we face. We have developed very good procedures that provide excellent support for the posterior wall (ie rectoceles) and the apex of the vagina (ie vaginal vault prolapse) and reproduce normal anatomy. We were one of the first centers in the country to utilize grafts in rectocele repairs and have seen improved cure rates to over 90% with minimal complications. It has been known for many years that abdominal sacralcolpopexy with placement of a mesh graft at the top of the vagina for vaginal vault prolapse is the most successful procedure in the literature. We have made advancements with this procedure as well in being able to offer our patients a laparoscopic minimally invasive approach for sacralcolpopexy, with the same excellent cure rates (>92%) and with hospital stays typically less than 24 hours and reduced complications. However the anterior wall has been one of the most difficult compartments in the vagina to get good anatomic results and high cure rates with traditional repairs and at the same time not cause sexual dysfunction, pain with intercourse, voiding dysfunction (ie incontinence or urgency/frequency syndrome), or a shortened or scarred down vagina. The transobturator approach was developed as a less invasive way to place an anterior wall graft (see below) however this still involved blind needle passes and the graft did not support the apex of the vagina, therefore the search for improvements in these procedures is ongoing.

A diaphragm is a shallow, bendable cup that you put inside your vagina. It covers your cervix during sex to prevent pregnancy.

Dr. James Wall performs a bilateral inguinial hernia repair surgical procedure.

Featured:
James Wall, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery
Assistant Professor of Bioengineering (By Courtesy)
Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital

Micaela Esquivel, MD
Chief Resident of General Surgery

Triplet C-section

LASIK eye surgery is commonly performed laser refractive surgery to correct vision problems. This 3d animation shows how laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (lasik) can be an alternative to glasses or contact lenses.

It’s one of many vision correction surgeries that work by reshaping your cornea, the clear front part of your eye, so that light focuses on the retina in the back of your eye.

In eyes with normal vision, the cornea bends (refracts) light precisely onto the retina at the back of the eye. But with nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia) or astigmatism, the light is bent incorrectly, resulting in blurred vision.

During LASIK surgery, a special type of cutting laser is used to precisely change the shape of the dome-shaped clear tissue at the front of your eyes (cornea) to improve vision.

Glasses or contact lenses can correct vision, but reshaping the cornea itself also will provide the necessary refraction.

For more information about medical animation, please visit https://www.amerra.com

Watch more medical animations:

Craniectomy brain surgery - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/1RkseDeYS9g

Accessing an implantable port training - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/xSTpxjyv4O4

Open Suctioning with a Tracheostomy Tube - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/wamB7jpWCiQ

Ventriculostomy Brain Surgery - 3d animation: https://youtu.be/pUy0YDzVNzs

Suctioning the endotracheal tube - medical animation: https://youtu.be/pN6-EYoeh3g

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/qKTRyowwaLA

How to insert a nasogastric tube for NG intubation - 3d animation: https://youtu.be/Abf3Gd6AaZQ

Oral airway insertion - oropharyngeal airway technique - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/caxUdNwjt34

Nasotracheal suctioning (NTS) - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/979jWMsF62c

Learn about hemorrhoids with #3d #animation: https://youtu.be/R6NqlMpsiiY

CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/G87knTZnhks

What are warts (HPV)? - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/guJ1J7rRs1w

How Macular Degeneration Affects Your Vision - 3D animation: https://youtu.be/ozZQIZ_52YY

NeoGraft hair transplant procedure – animation: https://youtu.be/C-eTdH2UPXI

Plasma cell dyscrasias are disorders of the plasma cells. Plasma cell dyscrasias are produced as a result of abnormal proliferation of a monoclonal population of plasma cells that may or may not secrete detectable levels of a monoclonal immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragment (paraprotein or M protein).

St. Luke's originally broadcast this live in a webcast and later re-purposed it for air on KCRG-TV9 as an educational video. It is hosted by Ashley Hinson, KCRG-TV9 anchor and Dr. Sandeep Munjal. Dr. Jeff Nassif performs the knee replacement surgery on an eastern Iowa woman. St. Luke's has a rapid recovery joint replacement program, which gets people back to life quickly after surgery.

Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches.

Ultrasound of Heart

Timothy Lovell, MD, an orthopedic surgeon, talks to Spokane, WA knee replacement surgery patients about the procedure, possible risks and complications of surgery, and about your recovery time.

Dr. Lovell addresses anesthesia, the size and location of the incision, and shows you what the knee replacement ball and socket joint looks like. He'll talk about the recovery process; using a crutches, a walker or a cane to get around; movements to avoid; and how long it takes to feel better and return to your normal, active life.

To learn more about Dr. Lovell, visit http://washington.providence.o....rg/find-a-provider/l

And, to learn more about having orthopedic surgery in Spokane, WA, visit http://washington.providence.o....rg/clinics/providenc

Detailed examination of the joints is usually not included in the routine medical examination. However, joint related complaints are rather common, and understanding anatomy and physiology of both normal function and pathologic conditions is critically important when evaluating the symptomatic patient. By gaining an appreciation for the basic structures and functioning of the joint, you'll be able to "logic" your way thru the exam, even if you can't remember the eponym attached to each specific test!

A brain (cerebral) aneurysm is a bulging, weak area in the wall of an artery that supplies blood to the brain. In most cases, a brain aneurysm causes no symptoms and goes unnoticed. In rare cases, the brain aneurysm ruptures, releasing blood into the skull and causing a stroke. When a brain aneurysm ruptures, the result is called a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Depending on the severity of the hemorrhage, brain damage or death may result. The most common location for brain aneurysms is in the network of blood vessels at the base of the brain called the circle of Willis. What causes a brain aneurysm? A person may inherit the tendency to form aneurysms, or aneurysms may develop because of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and aging. Some risk factors that can lead to brain aneurysms can be controlled, and others can't. The following risk factors may increase your risk for an aneurysm or, if you already have an aneurysm, may increase your risk of it rupturing: Family history. People who have a family history of brain aneurysms are more likely to have an aneurysm than those who don't. Previous aneurysm. People who have had a brain aneurysm are more likely to have another. Gender. Women are more likely to develop a brain aneurysm or to suffer a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Race. African Americans are more likely than whites to have a subarachnoid hemorrhage. High blood pressure. The risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage is greater in people who have a history of high blood pressure. Smoking. In addition to being a cause of high blood pressure, the use of cigarettes may greatly increase the chances of a brain aneurysm rupturing.

A fractured rib is usually a result of a fall or accident. Prolonged coughing and sports with repetitive movement, such as golf, also can cause a rib fracture. Symptoms include pain when taking a deep breath, pressing on the injured area, or bending or twisting the body. In most cases, fractured ribs usually heal on their own in one or two months. Pain relievers can make it easier to breathe deeply.