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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:04 Why do doctors perform laparoscopy?
2:11 How is laparoscopy performed?
3:22 Result
3:47 Risk of laparoscopy

Laparoscopy (from Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapára) 'flank, side', and σκοπέω (skopéō) 'to see') is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis using small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera. The laparoscope aids diagnosis or therapeutic interventions with a few small cuts in the abdomen.[1]

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive procedure, bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an exploratory laparotomy. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions, reduced hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time. The key element is the use of a laparoscope, a long fiber optic cable system that allows viewing of the affected area by snaking the cable from a more distant, but more easily accessible location.

Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery performed on the thoracic or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery. Specific surgical instruments used in laparoscopic surgery include obstetrical forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy. The first laparoscopic procedure was performed by German surgeon Georg Kelling in 1901. There are two types of laparoscope:[2]

A telescopic rod lens system, usually connected to a video camera (single-chip or three-chip)
A digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system

The mechanism mentioned in the second type is mainly used to improve the image quality of flexible endoscopes, replacing conventional fiberscopes. Nevertheless, laparoscopes are rigid endoscopes. Rigidity is required in clinical practice. The rod-lens-based laparoscopes dominate overwhelmingly in practice, due to their fine optical resolution (50 µm typically, dependent on the aperture size used in the objective lens), and the image quality can be better than that of the digital camera if necessary. The second type of laparoscope is very rare in the laparoscope market and in hospitals.[citation needed]

Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a "cold" light source (halogen or xenon) to illuminate the operative field, which is inserted through a 5 mm or 10 mm cannula or trocar. The abdomen is usually insufflated with carbon dioxide gas. This elevates the abdominal wall above the internal organs to create a working and viewing space. CO2 is used because it is common to the human body and can be absorbed by tissue and removed by the respiratory system. It is also non-flammable, which is important because electrosurgical devices are commonly used in laparoscopic procedures.[3]
Procedures
Surgeons perform laparoscopic stomach surgery.
Patient position

During the laparoscopic procedure, the position of the patient is either in Trendelenburg position or in reverse Trendelenburg. These positions have an effect on cardiopulmonary function. In Trendelenburg's position, there is an increased preload due to an increase in the venous return from lower extremities. This position results in cephalic shifting of the viscera, which accentuates the pressure on the diaphragm. In the case of reverse Trendelenburg position, pulmonary function tends to improve as there is a caudal shifting of viscera, which improves tidal volume by a decrease in the pressure on the diaphragm. This position also decreases the preload on the heart and causes a decrease in the venous return leading to hypotension. The pooling of blood in the lower extremities increases the stasis and predisposes the patient to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT).[4]
Gallbladder

Rather than a minimum 20 cm incision as in traditional (open) cholecystectomy, four incisions of 0.5–1.0 cm, or more recently, a single incision of 1.5–2.0 cm,[5] will be sufficient to perform a laparoscopic removal of a gallbladder. Since the gallbladder is similar to a small balloon that stores and releases bile, it can usually be removed from the abdomen by suctioning out the bile and then removing the deflated gallbladder through the 1 cm incision at the patient's navel. The length of postoperative stay in the hospital is minimal, and same-day discharges are possible in cases of early morning procedures.[citation needed]
Colon and kidney

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Insertion of Spanner Prostatic Stent

If the artery were severed, blood would flow out unimpeded, although the artery wall would contract in an effort to stop the bleeding. After losing >30% of one's blood volume blood pressure would start dropping, and with less pressure the rate of bleeding would go down. At this stage if the blood loss wasn't replaced the person could die. Losing halve to two thirds of one's blood volume is considered to be fatal even if later on blood transfusion is attempted. One's total blood volume at 70ml/kg is estimated to be between 5 to 7 liters, so that makes a blood loss of between 2,5 to 4,7 L.

stop gunshot wound bleeding in 15 seconds

Musculoskeletal Physical Examination Lecture

The Distal Femoral Osteotomy System utilizes the same principles of design featured in the Tibial Osteotomy System. Specifically designed femoral osteotomy plates take into account the anatomical differences between the distal femur and proximal tibia.

A unique look into laboratory techniques for egg freezing, also known as oocyte cyropreservation. Take an exclusive look inside one of the most advanced, state-of-the-art in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratories to see how RMA of New York performs egg freezing procedures using strict identification standards. Medical and laboratory video footage documents egg retrieval, egg identification from follicular fluid, preparation for preservation, and the cyropreservation and storage process for egg freezing. RMA of New York is proud to partner with Extend Fertility ™ to offer egg freezing services. To learn more, please visit Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York www.rmany.com/fertility-hope Or Extend Fertility http://www.extendfertility.com 635 Madison Avenue, 10th floor New York, New York 10022 Telephone: (212) 756-5777 Facsimile: (212) 756-5770 15 North Broadway, Garden Level - Suite G White Plains, New York 10601 Telephone: (914) 997-6200 Facsimile: (914) 997-8111 Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, Long Island 400 Garden City Plaza, Suite 107 Garden City, NY 11530 Telephone: (516) 746-3633 Facsimile: (516) 746-3622 Reproductive Medicine Associates International Mexico, S.C. Prolongacion Paseo de la Reforma 1232, Oficina 1213 Colonia Lomas de Bezares Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo Mexico, Distrito Federal 11910 Telephone: 011-52-55-2167-2515 Fax: 011-52-55-2167-6434

Liquid Zeolite is one of best natural Zeolite products which is used to remove the cancer cells and tumor. This is helpful to activate P21 tumor gene to remove the tumor. For more information visit our website at http://www.pureliquidzeolite.com/.

Welcome to the latest episode of our Plastic Surgery Podcast!

In this episode, we discuss one of the most common cosmetic procedures in India - Gynecomastia surgery, also known as male breast reduction surgery.

Join us as we explore the causes, treatments, and personal experiences related to this condition.

Questions Answered in the Podcast:
✅2:04 What is Gynecomastia, and how common is it?
Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in men, affecting one in seven men.
✅3:40 What causes Gynecomastia?
Common causes include hormonal imbalances during adolescence and the misuse of anabolic steroids. Other causes include certain medications like spironolactone and finasteride.
✅4:12 Can Gynecomastia be treated without surgery?
While weight loss can reduce fat, glandular tissue requires surgical intervention for complete removal. Medications like Tamoxifen may block estrogen effects but cannot remove existing glandular tissue.
✅5:25 How is Gynecomastia diagnosed?
It can be diagnosed through physical examination, clinical signs like enlarged areolas, and ultrasound if necessary.
✅9:16 How is Gynecomastia graded, and why is it important?
Gynecomastia is graded into four stages, which helps in planning the appropriate surgical approach. Grades range from mild enlargement to severe feminization of the chest.
✅10:15 What are the surgical techniques for treating Gynecomastia?
Techniques range from traditional subcutaneous mastectomy to advanced procedures using peri-areolar incisions to our unique technique of lateral chest incisions to minimize scarring.
✅14:13 What is the recovery process like post-surgery?
Patients can generally resume normal activities within a week, with full recovery and visible results in about six weeks. Compression garments are recommended for six weeks to aid in skin tightening.
✅16:02 What are the social and psychological impacts of Gynecomastia?
Many men experience social embarrassment, reduced self-confidence, and mental health issues due to the condition.
✅18:00 Are there any risks or complications?
Risks include bleeding, infection, and seroma formation. Choosing an experienced surgeon and a proper medical facility can minimize these complications.
✅20:22 Will insurance cover Gynecomastia surgery?
Generally, Gynecomastia surgery is considered a cosmetic procedure and is not covered by insurance, although functional benefits exist.
✅21:40 Can Gynecomastia recur after surgery?
Recurrence is rare unless there are ongoing hormonal imbalances or continued use of medications that affect hormones. Proper pre-surgery assessment helps in minimizing the risk of recurrence.
✅23:28 How does one choose the right surgeon and facility?
To ensure safe and effective surgery, it is important to assess the surgeon’s qualifications, the facility’s standards, and the use of advanced technologies.
✅25:00 What is the importance of a supportive environment for patients?
A supportive environment, including informed parents and friends, can significantly enhance the patient’s confidence and post-surgery recovery experience.

Thank you for watching this episode of our Plastic Surgery Podcast.

If you have any questions or need further guidance regarding Gynecomastia or any other cosmetic procedures, feel free to reach out.

We're here to provide honest, scientific, and candid advice.

Be a part of our Gynecomastia community.

✅ Get insights from our patient community
✅ Ask our board-certified plastic surgeons anything
✅ View the before-and-after patients' results
✅ Connect with other patients & ask them about their experience
✅ First of its a kind initiative in INDIA for patient education and interaction
Gynecomastia Helpline: +91 95689 99333

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About Dr. Rajat Gupta and RG Aesthetics

At RG Aesthetics, India’s best plastic surgeon, Dr. Rajat Gupta is at your service! With 13 years of experience, brand certification, and international recognition, Dr. Gupta is the solution to all your contouring needs.

His expertise in liposuction techniques combined with the state-of-the-art technology available at RG Aesthetics ensures we continue providing the most reliable services with incredible, instantaneous results!

Our equipment allows for every kind of liposuction there is – especially the minimally invasive kinds. Dr. Gupta reflects RG Aesthetics’ belief of the patient’s comfort always being paramount. Procedures at RG Aesthetics, under Dr. Rajat Gupta, minimize trauma and speed up recovery time for the best results!

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Description: Use warm water and sea salt. Soak the wart for 10 to 15 minutes in warm salt water to moisten the skin. Scrape the dead skin layers off the wart using a nail file, pumice stone or mild sandpaper. You could also use your fingers, but wash them thoroughly before and after, as warts can easily spread.

Bone cancer symptoms. Possible symptoms of bone cancer include: Bone pain: Pain is the most common sign of bone cancer, and may become more noticeable as the tumor grows. Bone pain can cause a dull or deep ache in a bone or bone region (e.g., back, pelvis, legs, ribs, arms).

Popping and draining a leg abscess

WORLD'S FIRST TRULY ANATOMIC MULTI-ROOTED ZIRCONIA DENTAL IMPLANT SOLUTION dentistry video

Access my FREE Online Membership today → https://www.thenotedanatomist.com
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Discover A Simplified Approach to Master the Complexity of Anatomy with me, Dr. David Morton ... The Noted Anatomist!

This video tutorial discusses an Introduction to Histology (study of tissues):
0:00​. Intro
0:35. Hierarchical organization of living matter
1:56​. H&E stains
3:00​. Epithelium overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 9:12. Simple squamous epithelium
- 11:05. Simple cuboidal epithelium
- 12:20. Simple columnar epithelium
- 13:36. Stratified squamous epithelium
- 15:51. Urinary epithelium (transitional epithelium)
- 16:45. Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium)
18:55. Connective tissue overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 21.14. Connective tissue proper (loose CT, dense irregular CT, dense regular CT, adipose tissue)
- 24:50. Cartilage (hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage)
- 26:04. Bone (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, calcium ...)
- 27:34. Blood (RBC, WBC, platelet, plasma)
28:54. Muscle tissue (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle)
32:54. Nervous tissue (neurons and glial cells)
36:58​. In-a-Nutshell
37:07​. Acknowledgements

For a more detailed study of histology go to The Histology Wizard: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCAeLLruy9RkUWaW_r

The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. It receives blood from the splenic artery and is the only lymphoid organ that primarily filters blood instead of lymph.

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Medical disclaimer: Knowledge Diffusion Inc (DBA Osmosis) does not provide medical advice. Osmosis and the content available on Osmosis's properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. © 2023 Elsevier. All rights reserved.

Endoscopic fenestration of arachnoid cyst in middle fossa

Deep Palpation of the Abdomen

Watch that Ectopic Baby Medical Abortion Surgery