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Cortisol and Glucocorticoids
Cortisol and Glucocorticoids samer kareem 3,661 Views • 2 years ago

The vast majority of glucocorticoid activity in most mammals is from cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone. Corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in rodents, is another glucocorticoid. Cortisol binds to the glucocorticoid receptor in the cytoplasm and the hormone-receptor complex is then translocated into the nucleus, where it binds to its DNA response element and modulates transcription from a battery of genes, leading to changes in the cell's phenotype. Only about 10% of circulating cortisol is free. The remaining majority circulates bound to plasma proteins, particularly corticosteroid-binding globulin (transcortin). This protein binding likely decreases the metabolic clearance rate of glucocorticoids and, because the bound steroid is not biologically active, tends to act as a buffer and blunt wild fluctuations in cortisol concentration.

Antiepileptics Drugs
Antiepileptics Drugs samer kareem 2,546 Views • 2 years ago

Modern treatment of seizures started in 1850 with the introduction of bromides, which was based on the theory that epilepsy was caused by an excessive sex drive. In 1910, phenobarbital (PHB), which then was used to induce sleep, was found to have antiseizure activity and became the drug of choice for many years. A number of medications similar to PHB were developed, including primidone.

What is Pancreatic Cancer
What is Pancreatic Cancer samer kareem 2,081 Views • 2 years ago

Pancreatic cancer begins in the tissues of your pancreas — an organ in your abdomen that lies horizontally behind the lower part of your stomach. Your pancreas secretes enzymes that aid digestion and hormones that help regulate the metabolism of sugars. Pancreatic cancer often has a poor prognosis, even when diagnosed early. Pancreatic cancer typically spreads rapidly and is seldom detected in its early stages, which is a major reason why it's a leading cause of cancer death. Signs and symptoms may not appear until pancreatic cancer is quite advanced and complete surgical removal isn't possible.

How Male to Female Sex Change Surgery Really Works
How Male to Female Sex Change Surgery Really Works Scott 2,093 Views • 2 years ago

How Male to Female Sex Gender Reassignment Surgery Really Works

Ingrown hair removal on thigh
Ingrown hair removal on thigh Scott 17,152 Views • 2 years ago

Ingrown hair removal on thigh #18

Esophageal Dilation Procedure
Esophageal Dilation Procedure samer kareem 4,584 Views • 2 years ago

What is Esophageal Dilation?Esophageal dilation is a procedure that allows your doctor to dilate, or stretch, a narrowed area of your esophagus [swallowing tube]. Doctors can use various techniques for this procedure. Your doctor might perform the procedure as part of a sedated endoscopy. Alternatively, your doctor might apply a local anesthetic spray to the back of your throat and then pass a weighted dilator through your mouth and into your esophagus. Why is it Done? The most common cause of narrowing of the esophagus, or stricture, is scarring of the esophagus from reflux of acid occurring in patients with heartburn.

Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Acute Intermittent Porphyria samer kareem 10,143 Views • 2 years ago

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant metabolic disorder affecting the production of heme, the oxygen-binding prosthetic group of hemoglobin. It is characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase.

WORLD'S FIRST TRULY ANATOMIC MULTI-ROOTED ZIRCONIA DENTAL IMPLANT SOLUTION
WORLD'S FIRST TRULY ANATOMIC MULTI-ROOTED ZIRCONIA DENTAL IMPLANT SOLUTION implant 14,288 Views • 2 years ago

WORLD'S FIRST TRULY ANATOMIC MULTI-ROOTED ZIRCONIA DENTAL IMPLANT SOLUTION dentistry video

Femoro-Popliteal Bypass with a saphenous vein Graft
Femoro-Popliteal Bypass with a saphenous vein Graft Surgeon 17,374 Views • 2 years ago

A surgical video showing Femoro-Popliteal Bypass with a Saphenous Vein Graft

Acute Otitis Media in Children
Acute Otitis Media in Children samer kareem 7,328 Views • 2 years ago

Uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM) should be treated empirically with amoxicillin. Recurrent AOM should raise concern for beta-lactamase resistance and warrants treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Ototopical medications are unnecessary, even if there is tympanic membrane perforation.

A Man Impaled by Shovel in His Butt - Untold Stories of the ER
A Man Impaled by Shovel in His Butt - Untold Stories of the ER hooda 9,650 Views • 2 years ago

Watch that video of A Man Impaled by Shovel in His Butt - Untold Stories of the ER

Dissection Inside Fat Body
Dissection Inside Fat Body hooda 269,697 Views • 2 years ago

Watch that video of Dissection Inside Fat Body

Keyhole Brain Tumor and Skull-Base Surgery
Keyhole Brain Tumor and Skull-Base Surgery samer kareem 4,517 Views • 2 years ago

Keyhole surgery can be helpful for patients with brain, pituitary and skull base tumors. With cutting edge technology and a proven track record in keyhole and endonasal endoscopic approaches, we make surgery safer, less invasive and more effective.

Anorectal Malformation
Anorectal Malformation samer kareem 1,913 Views • 2 years ago

Anorectal malformations are defects that occur during the fifth to seventh weeks of fetal development. With these defects, the anus (opening at the end of the large intestine through which stool passes) and the rectum (area of the large intestine just above the anus) do not develop properly

Orchidectomy and Orchidopexy in Testicular Torsion
Orchidectomy and Orchidopexy in Testicular Torsion Surgeon 35,861 Views • 2 years ago

Orchidectomy and Orchidopexy in Testicular Torsion

Bowel Resection and Anastomosis
Bowel Resection and Anastomosis samer kareem 4,418 Views • 2 years ago

Totally Stapled Bowel Resection and Anastomosis

EAR INFECTION With DRAINAGE
EAR INFECTION With DRAINAGE samer kareem 11,241 Views • 2 years ago

The is a time lapse video animation of a complicated ear infection with a ruptured eardrum causing drainage with eventual healing. The video also shows why a period of hearing loss and clogged/muffled ear sensation may occur.

Femoral Bleeding
Femoral Bleeding samer kareem 3,189 Views • 2 years ago

If the artery were severed, blood would flow out unimpeded, although the artery wall would contract in an effort to stop the bleeding. After losing >30% of one's blood volume blood pressure would start dropping, and with less pressure the rate of bleeding would go down. At this stage if the blood loss wasn't replaced the person could die. Losing halve to two thirds of one's blood volume is considered to be fatal even if later on blood transfusion is attempted. One's total blood volume at 70ml/kg is estimated to be between 5 to 7 liters, so that makes a blood loss of between 2,5 to 4,7 L.

Basal Joint Arthroscopic Debridement
Basal Joint Arthroscopic Debridement samer kareem 1,228 Views • 2 years ago

The procedure was performed under wrist block regional anesthesia with tourniquet control. A single Chinese finger trap was used on the thumb with 5 to 8 lb of ongitudinal traction. The arm was held down with wide tape around the tourniquet securing it to the hand table to serve as countertraction. A shoulder holder, rather than a traction tower, was used to facilitate fluoroscopic intervention more easily. The Trapeziometacarpal joint was detected by palpation. Joint distension was achieved by injecting 1 to 3 mL of normal saline (Fig. 1). It is important to distally direct the needle approximately 20 degrees to clear the dorsal flare of the metacarpal base and enter the joint capsule. This course should be reproduced upon entering with arthroscopic sleeve/ trocar assembly to minimize iatrogenic cartilage injury. Fluid distention is important to facilitate this. The incision for the 1-R (radial) portal, used for proper assessment of the dorsoradial ligament, posterior oblique ligament, and ulnar collateral ligament, was placed just volar to the abductor pollicis longus tendon. The incision for the 1-U (ulnar) portal, for better evaluation of the anterior oblique ligament and ulnar collateral ligament, was made just ulnar to the extensor pollicis brevis tendon. A short-barrel, 1.9-mm, 30- degree inclination arthroscope was used for complete visualization of the CMC joint surfaces, capsule, and ligaments, and then appropriate management was done, as dictated by the stage of the arthritis detected (Fig. 2A). A full-radius mechanical shaver with suction was used in all the cases, particularly for initial debridement and visualization. Most of the cases were augmented with radiofrequency ablation to perform a thorough synovectomy and radiofrequency was also used to perform chondroplasty in the cases with focal articular cartilage wear or fibrillation. Chondroplasty refers to thedebridement of the fibrillated cartilage to improve vascularity of the cartilage and enhance the growth of fibrocartilage. Ligamentous laxity and capsular attenu- ation were treated with thermal capsulorraphy using a radiofrequency shrinkage probe. We were careful to avoid thermal necrosis; hence, a striping technique was used to tighten the capsule of the lax joints. The striping technique refers to thermal shrinkage performed in longitudinal stripes on the lax capsule, so as to leave vascular zones between the stripes; hence, thermal necrosis is prevented. Arthroscopic stage I disease was characterized by synovitis without any cartilage wear, wherein a synovectomy coupled with thermal capsulor- raphy as described was performed.

Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis
Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis samer kareem 1,509 Views • 2 years ago

Biceps tenodesis is a common procedure performed for tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps brachii (LHB). Indications include partial-thickness LHB tear, tendon subluxation with or without subscapularis tear, and failed conservative management of bicipital tenosynovitis. Biceps tenodesis may also be performed for superior labrum anterior to posterior tears.

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