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A testicular examination is mainly performed on male patients who present with testicular pathology e.g. pain, swelling, a lump. Although titled testicular examination it involves the examination of the penis, scrotum and testes. As this is an intimate examination it is pertinent to gain a good rapport with your patient, maintain good communication and ensure the patient’s dignity at all times. Remember to offer a chaperone for this skill. For the purposes of your exam, you will most likely be examining a mannequin.

A breech birth is the birth of a baby from a breech presentation. In the breech presentation the baby enters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first as opposed to the normal head first presentation.

There are either three or four main categories of breech births, depending upon the source:

* Frank breech - the baby's bottom comes first, and his or her legs are flexed at the hip and extended at the knees (with feet near the ears). 65-70% of breech babies are in the frank breech position.

* Complete breech - the baby's hips and knees are flexed so that the baby is sitting crosslegged, with feet beside the bottom.

* Footling breech - one or both feet come first, with the bottom at a higher position. This is rare at term but relatively common with premature fetuses.

* Kneeling breech - the baby is in a kneeling position, with one or both legs extended at the hips and flexed at the knees. This is extremely rare, and is excluded from many classifications.

As in labour with a baby in a normal head-down position, uterine contractions typically occur at regular intervals and gradually cause the cervix to become thinner and to open. In the more common breech presentations, the baby’s bottom (rather than feet or knees) is what is first to descend through the maternal pelvis and emerge from the vagina.

At the beginning of labour, the baby is generally in an oblique position, facing either the right or left side of the mother's back. As the baby's bottom is the same size in the term baby as the baby's head. Descent is thus as for the presenting fetal head and delay in descent is a cardinal sign of possible problems with the delivery of the head.

In order to begin the birth, internal rotation needs to occur. This happens when the mother's pelvic floor muscles cause the baby to turn so that it can be born with one hip directly in front of the other. At this point the baby is facing one of the mother's inner thighs. Then, the shoulders follow the same path as the hips did. At this time the baby usually turns to face the mother's back. Next occurs external rotation, which is when the shoulders emerge as the baby’s head enters the maternal pelvis. The combination of maternal muscle tone and uterine contractions cause the baby’s head to flex, chin to chest. Then the back of the baby's head emerges and finally the face.

Due to the increased pressure during labour and birth, it is normal for the baby's leading hip to be bruised and genitalia to be swollen. Babies who assumed the frank breech position in utero may continue to hold their legs in this position for some days after birth.

An animated step-by-step guide to how a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery proceeds, for students and expectant parents learning how birth works. Educational only — not medical advice.

A surgical abortion procedure is documented step by step in this educational video, showing the clinical technique involved. It is intended for medical students and clinicians studying gynecological procedures. Educational only — not medical advice.

This educational explainer compares the physiology of male and female sexual response, including the stages of arousal and orgasm, in clinical terms. Intended for adult health education. Educational only — not medical advice.

Head to Toe Assesment

How female-to-male gender reassignment surgery works

This video demonstrates the use of an episiotomy to facilitate vaginal delivery of a baby

this video shows how the adult circumcision is easy by the alisklamp

No-scalpel,no-needle vasectomy procedure performed by Dr. Neil Pollock M.D., Vancouver BC Canada.

How to insert a Foley catheter is demonstrated in this short nursing-skills video, covering male and female urinary catheterization with sterile technique. It shows preparation, insertion, and securing of the catheter. A practical training clip for nursing and medical students. Procedure education only — not personal medical advice.

Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of your heart (endocardium). Endocarditis generally occurs when bacteria or other germs from another part of your body, such as your mouth, spread through your bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in your heart. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage or destroy your heart valves and can lead to life-threatening complications. Treatments for endocarditis include antibiotics and, in certain cases, surgery. Endocarditis is uncommon in people with healthy hearts. People at greatest risk of endocarditis have damaged heart valves, artificial heart valves or other heart defects.

a video of abdominal physical examination including all the required items:
-Inspection
-Palpation
-Percussion
-Auscultation

A 3D animated explanation of the circumcision procedure. Educational only — not personal medical advice.

Bartholin gland Marsupialization in Primary Bartholin Cyst

Penile implant surgery — a prosthesis procedure used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction — is demonstrated in this urology video, showing the main operative steps. A surgical teaching resource. Procedure education only — not personal medical advice.

Laser Circumcision

This is an educational medical video for Medical Students showing how to examine a hernia swelling

HCG Injection Procedure

Full examination of the female from head to toe by Loyola Medical School, Chicago part 1