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An educational demonstration of Foley catheter insertion into the bladder for male and female patients. Procedure education for students and clinicians — not personal medical advice.

A videos of cataract surgery

The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region (including perineum) below.

The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus. The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition. Some fibers are inserted into the prostate, urethra, and vagina. The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling . Some regard them as a part of the sphincter ani externus. The iliococcygeus, the most posterior part of the levator ani, is often poorly developed.

The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx.

The pelvic cavity of the true pelvis has the pelvic floor as its inferior border (and the pelvic brim as its superior border.) The perineum has the pelvic floor as its superior border.

Some sources do not consider “pelvic floor” and “pelvic diaphragm” to be identical, with the “diaphragm” consisting of only the levator ani and coccygeus, while the “floor” also includes the perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch. However, other sources include the fascia as part of the diaphragm. In practice, the two terms are often used interchangeably.

Inferiorly, the pelvic floor extends into the anal triangle.

Macrobiopsy of breast lesions is a complicated procedure when performed with vacuum assisted biopsy tools. The Spirotome is a hand-held needle set that doesn't need capital investment, is ready to use and provides tissue samples of high quality in substantial amounts. In this way quantitative molecular biology is possible with one tissue sample. The Coramate is an automated version of this direct and frontal technology.

Kendall Lee, M.D., describes deep brain stimulation surgery, and how it is is typically done with patients who remain awake, so neurological functions can be measured and maintained. For more information on deep brain stimulation, visit http://mayocl.in/2A09T80.

J Vasc Surg. 2009 Jul;50(1):134-9. Celiac artery compression syndrome managed by laparoscopy. Baccari P, Civilini E, Dordoni L, Melissano G, Nicoletti R, Chiesa R. Department of General Surgery, Scientific Institute San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy. paolo.baccari@hsr.it Abstr...

act OBJECTIVE: Celiac artery compression syndrome (CACS) is an unusual condition caused by abnormally low insertion of the median fibrous arcuate ligament and muscular diaphragmatic fiber resulting in luminal narrowing of the celiac trunk. Surgical treatment is the release of the extrinsic compression by division of the median arcuate ligament overlying the celiac axis and skeletonization of the aorta and celiac trunk. The laparoscopic approach has been recently reported for single cases. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting of the CA alone, before or after the surgical relief of external compression to the celiac axis, has also been used. We report our 7-year experience with the laparoscopic management of CACS caused by the median arcuate ligament. METHODS: Between July 2001 and May 2008, 16 patients (5 men; mean age, 52 years) were treated. Diagnosis was made by duplex ultrasound scan and angiogram (computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance). The mean body mass index of the patients was 21.2 kg/m(2). One patient underwent laparoscopic surgery after failure of PTA and stenting of the CA, and two patients after a stenting attempt failed. RESULTS: All procedural steps were laparoscopically completed, and the celiac trunk was skeletonized. The laparoscopic procedures lasted a mean of 90 minutes. Two cases were converted to open surgery for bleeding at the end of the operation when high energies were used. The postoperative course was uneventful. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 3 days. On follow-up, 14 patients remained asymptomatic, with postoperative CT angiogram showing no residual stenosis of the celiac trunk. One patient had restenosis and underwent aortoceliac artery bypass grafting after 3 months. Another patient had PTA and stenting 2 months after laparoscopic operation. All patients reported complete resolution of symptoms at a mean follow-up of 28.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic approach to CACS appears to be feasible, safe, and successful, if performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. PTA and stenting resulted in a valid complementary procedure only when performed after the release of the extrinsic compression on the CA. Additional patients with longer follow-up are needed.

Plastination pioneer Gunther Von Hagens gives us a view inside the bodies of 2 people who have died of cancer.

An educational clinical case showing the management of a deceased near-term breech baby with head entrapment during delivery. For learning purposes only — not medical advice.

Vaginal Hysterectomy Procedure of a 42 years old female patient with a 3 months history of symptomatic vaginal bulge

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Patient 65-year-old of age who comes to the medical consultation with pain moderated pain in the right hypochondrium of “several years of evolution” but that it increased one week ago. Also, she shows pain in the umbilical region of “many years of evolution”, that is supported according to the patient - in a constant way.rnTo the examination, we observe an umbilical hernia, apparently divided into two parts. The hernia of the external region measures 25.1 centimeters x 18.0 centimeters and the one that occupies the average region measures 12.0 centimeters x 10.0 centimeters.rnPatient who comes to the medical consultation with moderated pain in the right hypochondrium of one year of evolution but it increased one week ago after eat duck.rnIn the ultrasound scan of the region of the right hypochondrium (patient came having breakfast, that is to say, without previous preparation ) we can observe the liver of 123.8 millimeters high, as well as the porta vein with a diameter of 7.3 millimeters.rnOn having observed the Gallbladder, we think that a side wall is increased in 2.7 mm (hyperechogenic) with several “echogenics points” in the interior (”Biliary Mud”).

The measurements of the gallbladder were: 39.0 x 17.4 millimeters.rnWe can appreciates an echogenic image in the interior that it would make think about stone. The stones are identified as echogenic foci casting acoustic shadowing but but this image did not appear and a re-evaluation is decided in 15 days.

Acalculous cholecystopathy which means disease or condition of the gallbladder without the presence of gallstones. You might also call it functional gallbladder disorder or impaired gallbladder emptying. Some causes may be chronic inflammation, a problem with the smooth muscles of the gallbladder or the muscle of the Sphincter of Oddi being too tight.

REMEMBER:
Umbilical hernia is a congenital malformation, especially common in infants of African descent, and more frequent in boys. An Acquired umbilical hernia directly results from increased intra-abdominal pressure and are most commonly seen in obese individuals.
Presentation:A hernia is present at the site of the umbilicus (commonly called a navel, or belly button) in the newborn; although sometimes quite large, these hernias tend to resolve without any treatment by around the age of 5 years. Obstruction and strangulation of the hernia is rare because the underlying defect in the abdominal wall is larger than in an inguinal hernia of the newborn. The size of the base of the herniated tissued is inversely correlated with risk of strangulation (i.e. narrow base is more likely to strangulate).
Babies are prone to this malformation because of the process during fetal development by which the abdominal organs form outside the abdominal cavity, later returning into it through an opening which will become the umbilicus.
Differential diagnosisrnImportantly this type of hernia must be distinguished from a paraumbilical hernia which occurs in adults and involves a defect in the midline near to the umbilicus, and from omphalocele.

USMLE Step 2 CS - Obesity This is just preview video. To get full access please visit our website : www.usmletutoring.com

An educational explanation of the mechanism of vaginal childbirth — the movements the baby makes through the pelvis during labor. Educational only — not medical advice.

Austin arm lift surgery (also commonly referred to as Brachioplasty) reduces excess skin and tissue from the under arm region, leaving the patient with smoother, more contoured arms. Visit http://www.austinplasticsurgery.com/body-contouring.php for more info.

This 3D medical animation shows several methods of breast tissue biopsy procedures including:
- Needle biopsy,
- Stereotactic core biopsy
- Ultrasound-guided core biopsy - - Surgical biopsy

When being overweight becomes more than just an inconvenience.

Pregnancy All Weeks HD Animation: From www.MedicalVideos.us Showing the progress and mechanisms of pregnancy in each week.

Routine Pap Smear and Pelvis Exam For Canadian Women

Vaginal Speculum and Bimanual Exam

Cesarean VS Vaginal Birth Recovery