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Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia characterised by high anion gap metabolic acidosis, dehydration and other metabolic abnormalities. Upto half of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus may have DKA. The incidence in T2DM is also rising. Precipitants include acute illness such as myocardial infarction, trauma and infection. Paitents of diabetic ketoacidosis may present with vomiting, pain abdomen and lethargy. Mental obtundation may also be present. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis revolves around administration of IV normal saline, insulin, replacement of potassium with frequent monitoring of sugars and electrolytes.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia: This is a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. Normally, your red blood cells are flexible and round, moving easily through your blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become rigid and sticky and are shaped like sickles or crescent moons. These irregularly shaped cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, which can slow or block blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body. There's no cure for most people with sickle cell anemia. However, treatments can relieve pain and help prevent further problems associated with sickle cell anemia.
She is a twenty years young female presented with large cystic swelling in anterior aspect of neck. The swelling was of size 6cmx 6cm x5 cm ,tense tender, cystic just above sternal nutch.This was diagnosed as large neck abscess ./nRepeated aspiration done but the swelling reappeared. So Incision & Drainage planned under local anaesthesia./nPatient in supine position. Surgery part painted and draped. Local anaesthesia 2% xylocaine with adrenaline used for field block.After giving local anaesthesia, I used a no 11 blade for stab incision at the most prominent part of the swelling, where skin was thin and fluctuation present./nPus drained form that opening. Little dilatation of opening to be done with artery forceps or sinus forceps. Complete pus drainage to be ensured.Little finger can be introduced inside the pus cavity to ensure proper drainage of pus. The cavity I use to clean with a gauge piece. If necessary curette biopsy can be taken from the wall of the cavity.These wounds usually need daily proper dressing for faster healing.
Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in low blood pressure, occasionally with a slowed heart rate, that is attributed to the disruption of the autonomic pathways within the spinal cord. It can occur after damage to the central nervous system such as spinal cord injury.
This recording follows a cesarean section birth from the operating room, showing how a baby is delivered through an abdominal incision. It gives students and expectant parents a clear view of how a C-section proceeds in practice. For learning purposes only — not medical advice.