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Identify the anatomy and explain the physiology of the scrotum on diagrams and sonograms.

Describe and demonstrate the protocol for sonographic scanning of the scrotum.

Identify and describe sonographic images of congenital abnormalities of the scrotum.

Identify and describe sonographic images of pathologies of the scrotum.

Identify and describe sonographic images of extratesticular disease processes.

Identify the anatomy and explain the physiology of the prostate on diagrams and sonograms.

Describe and demonstrate the protocol for transabdominal and endorectal sonographic scanning of the prostate.

Identify and describe sonographic images of benign and malignant pathologies of the prostate, including benign hyperplasia, prostatitis, carcinoma, and calculi.

Explain the technique for prostate biopsy.

Define the criteria for an ultrasound appearance of prostate tumor staging.

Explain the technique for radiation seed implantation.

Explain the Patient Privacy Rule (HIPAA) and Patient Safety Act (see reference).

The obstetric examination is distinct from other examinations in that you, the clinician, are trying to assess the health of two individuals – the mother and the fetus – simultaneously. From the initial history, you should be able to judge the health of the pregnancy, any risk factors that need to be addressed, and any concerns from the parents. The history is an opportunity for you to find out how much the parents know about pregnancy, labour and delivery and if they have any preferences to which these events are carried out. A carefully taken history will also direct your attention to specific signs during the examination. As such, it is important that you develop a concise and systematic method of taking the history and carrying out the examination so that you do not miss any important information. This article focuses primarily on the examination. Pregnancy is a sensitive issue, especially for the primigravida’s. Therefore, extra care is needed when you approach a pregnant woman. Always obtain expressed informed consent before examining her and have a chaperone accompany you throughout the examination. A walk-through of what you will be doing is a good way of reassuring the patient and allows the examination to go on smoothly. It is also important to let your patient know that if the examination is too painful, she can stop at any time she wants. Finally, before you begin, you should always wash your hands, especially at an OSCE station.

A short news report summarises research on preferred breast shape. The study surveyed more than 1,300 men, women and plastic surgeons, who favoured a natural shape over a rounded artificial look, with the aim of informing implant choice and reconstruction. It is shared as a news summary of the published findings.

A narrated explainer describes how cervical mucus changes across the menstrual cycle. It explains that mucus becomes clear and elastic around ovulation and varies afterward, and notes that discharge after ovulation does not by itself indicate pregnancy. It is general women's health education.

Bartholin gland Marsupialization in Primary Bartholin Cyst

A nursing student performs a complete head-to-toe assessment on a volunteer. The recording covers vital signs, BMI and vision checks, then systematic inspection and palpation from head and sinuses through the body systems to the spine and neck. Running about twenty-eight minutes, it is a full worked example for examination practice.

This clinical-skills demonstration shows the male genitourinary examination. The examiner inspects and palpates the penis and scrotum, assesses the testes and epididymis, and finishes with the inguinal hernia check as the patient coughs, while the narrator emphasises putting the patient at ease. It is a study resource for clinical examination training.

Loyola Full Male Exam Part 4 A video from Loyola medical school, Chicago showing the full examination of the male

Thyroid nodules increase with age and are present in almost 10% of the adult population. Autopsy studies reveal the presence of thyroid nodules in 50% of the population, so they are fairly common. 95% of solitary thyroid nodules are benign, and therefore, only 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant.

Women are routinely invited to have cervical screening tests (also called smear tests). The tests are done to prevent cervical cancer, not to diagnose cancer. During each test some cells are removed from the neck of the womb (cervix), with a plastic brush. The cells are examined under a microscope to look for early changes that, if ignored and not treated, could develop into cancer of the cervix. You are very unlikely to develop cervical cancer if you have regular cervical screening tests at the times advised by your doctor. If the test shows any abnormality, you will have treatment to stop you ever getting cancer of the cervix. So, an abnormal test does not mean you have cancer. It means you should have some treatment to stop you getting cancer.

A nursing demonstration in Dutch shows how to insert an enema. The narration follows lubricating and inserting the cannula, letting the fluid run in while checking on the patient, removing the cannula, and helping the patient sit up to retain the fluid. It closes with tidying, handwashing and reporting, as a practical nursing skills resource.

This video records a real vaginal birth of triplets in a hospital delivery room, filmed as it happens. There is no narration; the audio is the natural sound of the room, with the care team coaching the mother through each baby in turn, including one breech baby. It is shared as a documentary record of a multiple birth.

Intended to detect congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system and reassure parents their baby is healthy. This is a demonstration of a real-time physical examination in the nursery setting.

Watch that video of Creation and Pathway of Sperm During Ejaculation

In this recording, a first-time mother gives birth in a birthing pool, with the delivery documented from the final contractions through the baby's arrival. Water births are supported by a midwife or birth team, as shown here. It offers expectant parents and students a realistic view of the method. For learning purposes only — not medical advice.

Sex reassignment surgery for male-to-female involves reshaping the male genitals into a form with the appearance of, and, as far as possible, the function of female genitalia. Prior to any surgeries, patients usually undergo hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and, depending on the age at which HRT begins, facial hair removal. There are associated surgeries patients may elect to, including facial feminization surgery, breast augmentation, and various other procedures

some knowledge

In this silent surgical recording, orchidectomy and orchidopexy are performed for testicular torsion. The footage presents both parts of the operation without spoken narration. It is shared for education in urology and emergency surgical care. The recording runs about three minutes in total.

A 3D animated explanation of the circumcision procedure. Educational only — not personal medical advice.

Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation — this educational video demonstrates the complete abdominal examination in the order clinicians perform it. It is a core clinical-skills resource for medical students learning physical examination. Educational only — not medical advice.