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10 Animals Found Living Inside Humans
10 Animals Found Living Inside Humans samer kareem 8,199 Views • 2 years ago

10 Animals Found Living Inside Humans

Migraine Treatment
Migraine Treatment samer kareem 2,897 Views • 2 years ago

Migraine treatments can help stop symptoms and prevent future attacks. Many medications have been designed to treat migraines. Some drugs often used to treat other conditions also may help relieve or prevent migraines. Medications used to combat migraines fall into two broad categories: Pain-relieving medications. Also known as acute or abortive treatment, these types of drugs are taken during migraine attacks and are designed to stop symptoms. Preventive medications. These types of drugs are taken regularly, often on a daily basis, to reduce the severity or frequency of migraines. Your treatment strategy depends on the frequency and severity of your headaches, the degree of disability your headaches cause, and your other medical conditions. Some medications aren't recommended if you're pregnant or breast-feeding. Some medications aren't given to children. Your doctor can help find the right medication for you

Churg Strauss syndrome
Churg Strauss syndrome samer kareem 5,168 Views • 2 years ago

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; also known as Churg-Strauss syndrome [CSS] or allergic granulomatosis) is a rare autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels (vasculitis) in persons with a history of airway allergic hypersensitivity (atopy).

Lumbar disc Prolapse treatment
Lumbar disc Prolapse treatment samer kareem 2,301 Views • 2 years ago

IgA deficiency
IgA deficiency samer kareem 3,157 Views • 2 years ago

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease and is the most common of the primary antibody deficiencies.[1] Total immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is defined as an undetectable serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) level at a value < 5 mg/dL (0.05 g/L) in humans. Partial IgAD refers to detectable but decreased IgA levels that are more than 2 standard deviations below normal age-adjusted means.[2, 3] IgAD is commonly associated with normal B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, normal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and, usually, normal neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Anti-IgA autoantibodies of the IgG and/or IgE isotype may be present. Peripheral blood may also be affected by autoimmune cytopenias, eg, autoimmune thrombocytopenia,[4, 5] and patients may have other autoimmune phenomena. IgA was first identified by Graber and Williams in 1952; ten years later, the first patients with IgAD were described. IgAD is a heterogeneous disorder, and the results of intensive study are beginning to elucidate genetic loci and molecular pathogenesis that contribute to various subtypes of this disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest that, in many cases, IgAD and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have a common pathogenesis, which is discussed further in Pathophysiology. Other data indicate different genetic risk factors. Family studies show variable inheritance patterns. Familial inheritance of IgAD occurs in approximately 20% of cases,[6] and, within families, IgAD and CVID are associated.[7, 8] Many IgAD patients are asymptomatic (ie, "normal" blood donors) and are identified by finding a laboratory abnormality, without any apparent associated clinical disease. Some patients with IgAD may have the following associated conditions: (1) deficits in one or more immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses (this accounts for 20-30% of IgA-deficient patients, many of whom may have total IgG levels within the normal range) or (2) a deficient antibody response to pneumococcal immunization (specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency [SPAD]). Some patients with IgAD later develop CVID, and family members of patients with CVID may have only selective IgAD. Characterization of the receptor for the transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), encoded by the gene TNFRSF13B ( tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B), suggests that people with the C104, A181E, and ins204A variants may be at risk for IgAD that progresses to CVID.[9] Primary IgAD is permanent, and below-normal levels have been noted to remain static and persist after 20 years of observation.[10] A recent report documents a rare case of reversion.[11] Environmental factors such as drugs or infections can cause IgAD, but this form is reversible in more than half the cases (see Causes). Although individuals with IgAD have largely been considered healthy, recent studies indicate a higher rate of symptoms. A 20-year follow-up study that compared 204 healthy blood donors with incidentally identified IgAD to 237 healthy subjects with normal IgA levels demonstrated that 80% of IgAD donors and 50% of control subjects had episodes of infections, drug allergy, or autoimmune or atopic disease. Severe respiratory tract infections occurred in 26% of IgAD subjects, in 24% of subjects with decreased IgA levels, and in 8% of control subjects; however, the incidence of life-threatening infections was not increased. IgAD is more common in adult patients with chronic lung disease than in healthy age-matched control subjects.[12] Patients with IgAD are at some increased risk of developing severe reactions after receiving blood products.[13, 14, 15] IgG anti-IgA antibodies may cause severe transfusion reactions if patients with IgAD are given whole blood; therefore, IgA-poor blood or washed red cells are preferred for those patients. IgA-deficient patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)–class anti-IgA antibodies are at risk for anaphylaxis if they receive blood or intravenous immunoglobulin, but this situation is extremely rare. Individuals with such an unusual profile should receive only low IgA intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. However, caution must be used when administering IGIV to patients with IgAD if their anti-IgA status is unknown. A history devoid of previous blood product administration does not exclude the possibility of anti-IgA antibodies or adverse reactions. Fortunately, appropriate precautions can significantly reduce morbidity (see Treatment). Blood banks can use a simple ELISA screening approach to establish an IgAD blood donor poo

L4-5 Lumbar Disc Bulging
L4-5 Lumbar Disc Bulging samer kareem 3,668 Views • 2 years ago

If you have been diagnosed with a bulging disc, you are not alone. Bulging discs, also known as a disc protrusion, are a very common occurrence. They usually remain asymptomatic; however, they can cause discomfort and disability in various parts of the body if the disc compresses an adjacent nerve root or the spinal cord. As we age, the outer fibrous portion of our discs can weaken. Pressure from the central core of the disc can then stretch to the outer rim, causing the disc to bulge. If left untreated, the disc can continue to bulge until it tears, which is classified as a herniated disc. Because a bulging disc does not always show symptoms, many people have bulging discs without realizing it. As long as the bulging area does not press against a nearby nerve, no symptoms occur. When the bulging disc does cause a pinched nerve, however, you may begin to experience symptoms. In the lower back, the damaged disc can cause pain to travel to the hips, buttocks, legs and feet. In the cervical spine, pain can radiate from the neck, down the arm and to the fingers.

Spleen Pain
Spleen Pain samer kareem 8,265 Views • 2 years ago

What is the spleen and what causes an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)? The spleen sits under your rib cage in the upper left part of your abdomen toward your back. It is an organ that is part of the lymph system and works as a drainage network that defends your body against infection. White blood cells produced in the spleen engulf bacteria, dead tissue, and foreign matter, removing them from the blood as blood passes through it. The spleen also maintains healthy red and white blood cells and platelets; platelets help your blood clot. The spleen filters blood, removing abnormal blood cells from the bloodstream. A spleen is normally about the size of your fist. A doctor usually can't feel it during an exam. But diseases can cause it to swell and become many times its normal size. Because the spleen is involved in many functions, many conditions may affect it.

New Study about Alcoholic Hepatitis
New Study about Alcoholic Hepatitis samer kareem 1,335 Views • 2 years ago

A new study from Mayo Clinic finds the use of the drug therapy etanercept ineffective in treating alcoholic hepatitis, an acute inflammation of the liver caused by excessive consumption of alcohol. Alcoholic hepatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severe alcohol-related liver disease carries a poor prognosis. Several research studies have worked to find a successful treatment for alcoholic hepatitis, but no consensus has been reached on the most effective treatment regimen.

Toilet Training Boys, Training Potty, Best Way To Potty Train, What Age Do You Potty Train
Toilet Training Boys, Training Potty, Best Way To Potty Train, What Age Do You Potty Train lorenzo 3,624 Views • 2 years ago

Toilet Training Boys, Training Potty, Best Way To Potty Train, What Age Do You Potty Train

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Surgitron sebaceous nevus
Surgitron sebaceous nevus samer kareem 2,012 Views • 2 years ago

What's helping me become a better doctor
What's helping me become a better doctor samer kareem 9,582 Views • 2 years ago

What's helping me become a better doctor

Reduce an anterior shoulder dislocation
Reduce an anterior shoulder dislocation samer kareem 2,088 Views • 2 years ago

Reduction techniques can vary in terms of required force, time, equipment, and staff. [7] No single reduction method is successful in every instance; therefore, the clinician should be familiar with several reduction techniques. Techniques commonly used to reduce anterior shoulder dislocations include the following [35, 36, 37, 38, 39] : Stimson maneuver Scapular manipulation External rotation Milch technique Spaso technique Traction-countertraction

Loop Diuretics (LASIX)
Loop Diuretics (LASIX) samer kareem 1,582 Views • 2 years ago

Furosemide is a prescription drug. It’s available in two forms that you take by mouth: a tablet and a solution. It’s also available as an injectable solution, which is given by a healthcare provider. The furosemide tablet is available as the brand-name drug Lasix. It’s also available as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less. In some cases, they may not be available in every strength or form as the brand-name version.

Histology of Mucles Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
Histology of Mucles Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Histology 5,063 Views • 2 years ago

Histology of Mucles Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Histology of Eye
Histology of Eye Histology 5,784 Views • 2 years ago

Histology of Eye

Kocher's method of relocating a dislocated shoulder
Kocher's method of relocating a dislocated shoulder samer kareem 4,339 Views • 2 years ago

This is a demonstration of the Kocher's method of relocating a dislocated shoulder

Complete bedside Hernia Examination
Complete bedside Hernia Examination DrPhil 221 Views • 2 years ago

Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus samer kareem 2,778 Views • 2 years ago

Diabetes insipidus (die-uh-BEE-teze in-SIP-uh-dus) is an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of water in the body. This imbalance leads to intense thirst even after drinking fluids (polydipsia), and excretion of large amounts of urine (polyuria). While the names diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus sound similar, they're not related. Diabetes mellitus — which can occur as type 1 or type 2 — is the more common form of diabetes. There's no cure for diabetes insipidus, but treatments are available to relieve your thirst and normalize your urine output.

How to do Central Line Insertion
How to do Central Line Insertion samer kareem 1,375 Views • 2 years ago

Central venous catheter. Diagram showing a tunneled central line inserted into the right subclavian vein. A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line, central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into a large vein.

Barium Enema
Barium Enema Harvard_Student 19,838 Views • 2 years ago

Barium Enema

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