A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood outside the brain. Subdural hematomas are usually caused by severe head injuries. The bleeding and increased pressure on the brain from a subdural hematoma can be life-threatening.

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Dr. Rod J. Oskouian, is a neurosurgeon who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of complex spinal disorders. Dr. Oskouian is currently the Chief of Spine at the Swedish Neuroscience Institute and President and CEO of the Seattle Science Foundation. His research and clinical focus is on scoliosis, spinal deformities and anomalies, osteoporosis, spinal cord injury, degenerative disc disease, spinal oncology, stereotactic spinal radiosurgery, and minimally invasive spinal surgery. He has published in numerous medical journals and textbooks, including Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinics of North America, the Journal of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Focus and Spine.

Masturbating is totally healthy, and totally normal. There are tons of myths out there meant to scare you into thinking masturbation is wrong or bad. But the truth is masturbation is perfectly safe. Masturbating won't make you blind, crazy, or stupid. It won’t damage your genitals, cause pimples, or stunt your growth. It doesn’t use up all your orgasms or ruin other kinds of sex. In fact, masturbation can actually be good for you. Here are some benefits of masturbation: Masturbation is safer than any other type of sex. You can’t get pregnant or get any sexually transmitted infections from masturbating. Masturbation can help you learn what you like and don’t like sexually. And if you decide to have sex with someone, you can know what you do/don’t want to do. BONUS: getting comfortable talking about sex and your body with your partner makes it easier to talk about protecting yourself against STDs and pregnancy, too. Exploring your body and learning how to give yourself sexual pleasure can be empowering and help improve your body image. Masturbation can lower stress and help you relax. It even helps some people fall asleep. Having an orgasm releases endorphins — feel good chemicals in your brain. Orgasms can be a natural painkiller and can even help with period cramps. Mutual masturbation (masturbating with a partner) is a really safe way to have sex and let the other person know what feels good to you. If you share a sex toy, use condoms on the toy and clean it before swapping. And if you touch each other’s genitals, wash your hands before touching your own. Can I get an STD from masturbating? Nope. Masturbating is the safest sexual activity out there. There is virtually NO chance of getting an STD or any other infection from touching your own genitals (and there’s also no chance of pregnancy). STDs have to be passed from one person to another, so you can’t give yourself an STD. The one exception to this is herpes - so if you have any cold sores on your mouth and touch them, make sure to wash your hands before masturbating. But it IS possible to get an STD if you’re masturbating with another person and touching each other’s genitals. Anytime semen (cum) or vaginal fluids are spread to someone else’s body, or your genitals rub against each other, there’s a risk of STDs. So if you touch each other’s genitals, wash your hands before touching your own. STDs can also be spread by sharing sex toys with another person. You can help protect yourself by using condoms on any toys that you share (even if they’re not shaped like a penis). Put a new condom on anytime a different person uses it. If you’re the only one using your sex toys, you don’t have to worry about STDs. But if you use them with other people, protect those sex toys just like you’d protect your own genitals — put a condom on ‘em! It’s possible for masturbation to cause irritation or infections if your body is sensitive to the way you masturbate or the things you masturbate with — but this isn’t the same thing as an STD. Lotions, Vaseline, oils, and scented or flavored stuff may irritate your vulva and vagina. Masturbating roughly and not using lubrication can also lead to irritation because of friction. And germs from the anus can cause vaginal infections — so never put something in your vagina that’s been in your butt without washing it or covering it with a condom. If you’re worried that you have an STD because of pain, itching, or discomfort in your genitals, go to your doctor or your local Planned Parenthood health center.

This is a surgical video demonstrating the release and skin grafting of the middle and ring fingers. It demonstrates the marking, dissection, and repair of the fingers.

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Coloscopy | Colon Polyp Resection | Polypectomy



Colonoscopies are essential for detecting colorectal abnormalities, including colon polyps. Polypectomy, the surgical removal of these growths, can prevent them from becoming cancerous. This article offers a brief overview of colonoscopies, colon polyps, and polypectomy procedures.

A colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination allowing healthcare providers to visualize the colon and rectum using a colonoscope. The colonoscope, a flexible tube with a camera and light source, helps detect abnormalities, including polyps or tumors.

Colon polyps are abnormal growths arising from the colon's inner lining. While most polyps are benign, some can become malignant. Adenomatous polyps have a higher potential to become cancerous, whereas hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps pose a lower risk.

Polypectomy involves removing colon polyps during a colonoscopy. Two primary techniques include snare polypectomy, using a wire loop to cut the polyp, and cold forceps polypectomy, which employs forceps to grasp and remove smaller polyps.

Following a polypectomy, patients may experience mild discomfort or bleeding. Regular surveillance is crucial to minimize colorectal cancer risk. The frequency of surveillance colonoscopies depends on the number, size, and type of polyps found, as well as the patient's overall risk factors.

Colonoscopies and polypectomies play vital roles in detecting and removing colon polyps, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, and maintaining optimal colon health.


Do you want to learn more about colon polyps and colonoscopy? check our:

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The bone marrow aspiration is usually done first. The doctor makes a small incision, then inserts a hollow needle through the bone and into the bone marrow. Using a syringe attached to the needle, the doctor withdraws a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow. You may feel a brief sharp pain or stinging.

HSV-1 causes "cold sores" on the mouth, and up to 80% of the population has this virus. However, HSV-1 may also be transmitted to the genitals through oral/genital sex and about 40% of genital herpes is caused by HSV-1. Up to 22% of sexually active adults have genital herpes caused by HSV-2.

Histology of Pharyngeal Tonsil

Pyogenic liver abscesses are mainly treated by percutaneous aspiration or drainage under antibiotic cover. If interventional radiology fails, surgical drainage becomes necessary. Recently, we performed laparoscopic liver abscess drainage successfully, and we aimed to focus on the topic in light of a systematic review of the literature.

Pulmonary Physical Examination Lecture

Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders. Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica (pol-e-my-AL-juh rue-MAT-ih-kuh) usually begin quickly and are worse in the morning. Most people who develop polymyalgia rheumatica are older than 65. It rarely affects people under 50. You may receive symptom relief by taking anti-inflammatory drugs called corticosteroids. But relapses are common, and you'll need to visit your doctor regularly to watch for serious side effects of these drugs. Polymyalgia rheumatica is related to another inflammatory disorder called giant cell arteritis, which can cause headaches, vision difficulties, jaw pain and scalp tenderness. It's possible to have both of these conditions together.

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Trichomonas is best seen on the Normal Saline slide.These protozoans are about the same size as a white blood cell (a little smaller than a vaginal epithelial cell), but their violent motion is striking and unmistakable.

There are twelve cranial nerves in total. The olfactory nerve (CN I) and optic nerve (CN II) originate from the cerebrum. Cranial nerves III – XII arise from the brain stem (Figure 1). They can arise from a specific part of the brain stem (midbrain, pons or medulla), or from a junction between two parts: Midbrain – the trochlear nerve (IV) comes from the posterior side of the midbrain. It has the longest intracranial length of all the cranial nerves. Midbrain-pontine junction – oculomotor (III). Pons – trigeminal (V). Pontine-medulla junction – abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear (VI-VIII). Medulla Oblongata – posterior to the olive: glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory (IX-XI). Anterior to the olive: hypoglossal (XII). The cranial nerves are numbered by their loca

MRI-guided laser ablation for minimal invasive Neurosurgery.

Medical examination of the abdomen from Loyola University, Chicago

Understanding the process of getting braces

Psoriasis: treatment options related issues