The lumps may be hard or rubbery and can appear as a single breast lump that may be large or small. Fibrocystic changes also can appear as thickening of the breast tissue. Fibrocystic changes can occur in one or both breasts and are the most common cause of benign breast lumps in women age 35 to 50.

Most intact aortic aneurysms do not produce symptoms. As they enlarge, symptoms such as abdominal pain and back pain may develop. Compression of nerve roots may cause leg pain or numbness. Untreated, aneurysms tend to become progressively larger, although the rate of enlargement is unpredictable for any individual. Rarely, clotted blood which lines most aortic aneurysms can break off and result in an embolus. They may be found on physical examination. Medical imaging is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Symptoms may include: anxiety or feeling of stress; nausea and vomiting; clammy skin; rapid heart rate. In patients presenting with aneurysm of the arch of the aorta, a common symptom is a hoarse voice as the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (a branch of the vagus nerve) is stretched. This is due to the recurrent laryngeal nerve winding around the arch of the aorta. If an aneurysm occurs in this location, the arch of the aorta will swell, hence stretching the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The patient therefore has a hoarse voice as the recurrent laryngeal nerve allows function and sensation in the voicebox. Abdominal aortic aneurysms, hereafter referred to as AAAs, are the most common type of aortic aneurysm. One reason for this is that elastin, the principal load-bearing protein present in the wall of the aorta, is reduced in the abdominal aorta as compared to the thoracic aorta (nearer the heart). Another is that the abdominal aorta does not possess vasa vasorum, hindering repair. Most are true aneurysms that involve all three layers (tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia), and are generally asymptomatic before rupture. The most common sign for the aortic aneuysm is the Erythema nodosum also known as leg lesions typically found near the ankle area. The prevalence of AAAs increases with age, with an average age of 65–70 at the time of diagnosis. AAAs have been attributed to atherosclerosis, though other factors are involved in their formation. An AAA may remain asymptomatic indefinitely. There is a large risk of rupture once the size has reached 5 cm, though some AAAs may swell to over 15 cm in diameter before rupturing. Before rupture, an AAA may present as a large, pulsatile mass above the umbilicus. A bruit may be heard from the turbulent flow in a severe atherosclerotic aneurysm or if thrombosis occurs. Unfortunately, however, rupture is usually the first hint of AAA. Once an aneurysm has ruptured, it presents with a classic pain-hypotension-mass triad. The pain is classically reported in the abdomen, back or flank. It is usually acute, severe and constant, and may radiate through the abdomen to the back. The diagnosis of an abdominal aortic aneurysm can be confirmed at the bedside by the use of ultrasound. Rupture could be indicated by the presence of free fluid in potential abdominal spaces, such as Morison's pouch, the splenorenal space (between the spleen and left kidney), subdiaphragmatic spaces (underneath the diaphragm) and peri-vesical spaces. A contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan is needed for confirmation. Only 10–25% of patients survive rupture due to large pre- and post-operative mortality. Annual mortality from ruptured abdominal aneurysms in the United States alone is about 15,000. Another important complication of AAA is formation of a thrombus in the aneurysm.

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between your heart's upper and lower chambers causes a rapid heartbeat. The extra pathway is present at birth and fairly rare. The episodes of fast heartbeats usually aren't life-threatening, but serious heart problems can occur. Treatment can stop or prevent episodes of fast heartbeats. A catheter-based procedure (ablation) can permanently correct the heart rhythm problems. Most people with an extra electrical pathway experience no fast heartbeat. This condition, called Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern, is discovered only by chance during a heart exam. Although WPW pattern is often harmless, doctors might recommend further evaluation before children with WPW pattern participate in high-intensity sports.

Graphic images focusing on the reconstruction of an ear after the removal of a long-standing skin cancer that this patient allowed to slowly grow over many years because he was afraid of what the surgery to remove might entail. Go to www.skincancercentre.com to learn more about the importance of the early diagnosis of skin cancer. BTW, when you put on your sunscreen, don't forget your ears, and wear a broad brimmed hat to cover this very vulnerable area of your anatomy. www.skincancercentre.com

1. What is hemodialysis?
2. Why do you do hemodialysis?
3. How does hemodialysis remove body waste?
4. What are the symptoms and side effects of hemodialysis?
5. How should I eat food when I do hemodialysis?
6. What are some precautions for patients during hemodialysis?


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Watch that video of Removal of a large epidermal cyst in the chest

TEE of a giant LV thrombus as well as other, smaller thrombi in a 51 year-old man who came to the hospital complaining of chest pain. He was subsequently taken to the cardiac cath lab and was found to have clean coronary arteries. Surprisingly, he was clinically stable despite his TEE findings and an EF of 20%.

http://control-blood-sugar.good-info.co Low Blood Sugar, Signs Of Low Blood Sugar, Low Iron In Blood, Normal Glucose Levels In Blood Are You Suffering From High Or Uncontrollable Blood Sugar? Because This May Be The Solution. If you’re one of the 387 million people in the world trying to win the battle against uncontrollable blood sugar or even diabetes. Then you’re in the right place, as believe it or not, these conditions can be completely reversed from the comfort of your own home in just 3 short weeks. Are you. Tired of poking your skin with expensive needles everyday? Tired of dealing with the constant lethargy and lack of energy that’s associated with your uncontrollable blood sugar? Tired of living your life with stubborn body fat on your waist, legs,and thighs? Tired of being embarrassed to go to the beach or even taking your shirt off in front of your kids? Tired of waking up with a headache in a soaked bed from sweating so much at night? If you are sick and tired of these all of these conditions and more, then I am happy to tell you that all these conditions of your uncontrollable blood sugar can be completely thrown away for good! click here. http://control-blood-sugar.good-info.co

Genital warts are growths on the skin of the genital area and around the anus. They are caused by certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV). There are more than 100 types of HPV. Some types of HPV produce warts on different parts of the body, like plantar warts on the feet and common hand warts. There is no specific treatment for HPV, but there are treatments for health problems caused by HPV. Genital warts can be treated by your healthcare provider, or with prescription medication. HPV-related cancers are more treatable when diagnosed and treated promptly. For more information, visit www.cancer.org.

This 21 years old man lost his right thumb during a street fight sword blow. the video was taken 3 months after replantation. You can see another videos in my site: https://drliaghatclinic.com, https://instagram.com/liaghatclinic, https://t.me/liaghatclinic

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Tracheotomy and tracheostomy are surgical procedures that create an opening in the trachea (windpipe) to help patients breathe when they have difficulty doing so through the nose or mouth. Though they are similar in purpose, there are some key differences between them.

Tracheotomy is a temporary procedure that involves creating a small incision in the trachea to insert a breathing tube. The tube is typically removed once the patient no longer requires it, and the incision heals on its own. Tracheostomy, on the other hand, is a more permanent solution that involves creating a hole in the trachea and inserting a tracheostomy tube, which remains in place for an extended period.

Indications for these procedures include:

Airway obstruction due to trauma, tumors, or infection
Severe respiratory distress or failure
Prolonged mechanical ventilation
Inability to protect the airway due to neurological disorders or impaired consciousness
Steps for performing a tracheotomy and tracheostomy:

Preparation: The patient is positioned, and the neck area is cleaned and draped. Local anesthesia is often administered, although general anesthesia may be used in some cases.
Incision: A small incision is made in the neck, and the muscles and tissues are carefully separated to expose the trachea.
Tracheal opening: A small opening is made in the trachea, typically between the second and third tracheal rings.
Tube insertion: A tracheotomy tube is inserted through the incision and into the trachea for a tracheotomy, while a tracheostomy tube is inserted for a tracheostomy. Both tubes are secured in place.
Confirmation: Proper placement of the tube is confirmed by listening for breath sounds and checking for adequate ventilation.
Pre-operative care typically involves a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, as well as any necessary imaging studies or lab tests to ensure the procedure is appropriate and safe. Informed consent should be obtained from the patient or their legal representative.

Post-operative care includes monitoring the patient's vital signs, ensuring the tube remains secure and patent, and managing any pain or discomfort. For tracheostomy patients, regular cleaning and maintenance of the stoma (the opening in the trachea) and the tracheostomy tube are essential to prevent infection and other complications. Long-term care may involve speech therapy, respiratory therapy, and support from a multidisciplinary team to address any ongoing needs.

It's crucial to remember that these procedures should only be performed by trained medical professionals in a clinical setting.



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USMLE Step 2 CS - Numbness Weakness Full Video

Male To Female Gender Reassignment Surgery

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition in which extra bone grows along one or both of the bones that form the hip joint — giving the bones an irregular shape. Because they do not fit together perfectly, the bones rub against each other during movement. Over time this friction can damage the joint, causing pain and limiting activity.

Watch that video of The Most Invasive Parasites in the World

large renal stone in a 2 and a half years boy underwent per cutaneous endoscopic stone retrieval in supine position

Here we’ll explain the symptoms of pancreatitis, how alcohol causes the condition and the other health problems it can lead to. You probably don’t pay much attention to your pancreas. But that small, tadpole-shaped organ behind your stomach and below your ribcage is pretty important. It produces two essential substances: digestive juices which your intestines use to break down food, and hormones that are involved in digestion, such as insulin, which regulates your blood sugar levels. Pancreatitis is when your pancreas becomes inflamed and its cells are damaged. Heavy drinking can cause pancreatitis. But if you drink within the government’s low risk unit guidelines, you should avoid upsetting this important organ.

Transvenous cardiac pacing, also called endocardial pacing, is a potentially life saving intervention used primarily to correct profound bradycardia. It can be used to treat symptomatic bradycardias that do not respond to transcutaneous pacing or to drug therapy.

A wisdom tooth or third molar is one of the three molars per quadrant of the human dentition. It is the most posterior of the three. Wisdom teeth generally erupt between the ages of 17