Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium of less than 135 Meq per litre and occurs in upto 22 % of hospitalised patients. The causes of hyponatremia may be understood based on the pre-existing volume status of the patient which may either be hypovolemic, euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. This presentation discusses in detail, the causes of these underlying conditions. Also mentioned are the clinical features and management options and therapeutic sodium targets in patients with hyponatremia. Drugs such as demeclocycline and vaptans (Tolvaptan, Conivaptan) are also mentioned as management options which may be used on a case to case basis. Finally, the all important targets of sodium correction over 24 hours are also mentioned, along with a practical formula for calculation of sodium deficit which is explained with an example.

The human brain is the command center for the human nervous system. It receives input from the sensory organs and sends output to the muscles. The human brain has the same basic structure as other mammal brains, but is larger in relation to body size than any other brains.

Suck reflex. ... Babies also have a hand-to-mouth reflex that goes with rooting and sucking and may suck on fingers or hands. Moro reflex. The Moro reflex is often called a startle reflex because it usually occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or movement.

Many people report that inversion table therapy is a great way to stretch muscles and ligaments, reduce muscle spasms, and improve circulation. Stretching stimulates the lymph glands to increase the flow of lymphatic fluids; part of the body's waste disposal system. Similarly, cellular health depends on good blood circulation to deliver nourishment and remove waste. Inversion table therapy also helps to relieve motion sickness and stress. In addition, the body becomes more aware of its spatial orientation and balance when the inner ear is stimulated during inversion. Plus, it is not necessary for the body to be positioned completely upside down to gain benefits from inversion therapy! Unlike antigravity boots used with an inversion rack, an adjustable inversion table offers the flexibility to choose the most comfortable angle. Dialogue with Your Doctor Like anything that can affect your health, talk to your doctor before you start using an inversion table. This is important because certain medications and health conditions may make using an inversion table unsafe. Your doctor may recommend against inversion table therapy if you have obesity, a detached retina, fracture, glaucoma, heart condition (circulatory problem), hernia, implanted device, middle ear or eye infection, osteoporosis, are pregnant, or have a spinal injury. There may be other medical conditions not listed that your doctor may view as a contraindication.

Watch that video to know How to Get Rid of Blackheads on Your Nose Naturally

Multiple sclerosis causes many different symptoms, including vision loss, pain, fatigue, and impaired coordination. The symptoms, severity, and duration can vary from person to person. Some people may be symptom free most of their lives, while others can have severe chronic symptoms that never go away. Physical therapy and medications that suppress the immune system can help with symptoms and slow disease progression.

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Medical Examination of the cranial nerves

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NG (Nasogastric) Tube Insertion Techniques (Nursing Skills)

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NG (Nasogastric) Tube Insertion Techniques (Nursing Skills)

In this video we’re going to show you the correct technique for insertion of an NG tube or Nasogastric tube). We’ll also give you a few tips and tricks we use. Of course, before you get started, make sure you’ve determined which nare is more patent and that the patient doesn’t have a deviated septum. Before you start, lay a towel across the patient’s chest – I’m telling you I’ve had patients throw up on me – this step is WORTH IT!! We love you guys! Go out and be your best selves today! And, as always, happy nursing!

Bookmarks:
0.05 Introduction to NG Tube Insertion techniques
0.25 Towel placement
0.32 Measuring NG tube length
1.04 Tape preparation
1.27 Give patient water
1.34 NG Tube lubrication
1.42 NG Tube insertion technique
2.25 Securing the NG tube
2.36 Checking placement/ aspiration
2.55 Assessing pH
3.08 Confirming placement
3.22 Waiting for abdominal X-ray
3.35 Supply clean-up
3.48 NG Tube insertion outro

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Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunting (commonly abbreviated as TIPS or TIPSS) is an artificial channel within the liver that establishes communication between the inflow portal vein and the outflow hepatic vein.

A new well designed randomized study has suggested that long term baby aspirin usage may aid in fight against cancer. The suggested mechanism is that cancers induce inflammatory responses so the anti-inflammatory mechanism of prostaglandins inhibitors may cease the progress of many cancers. There are some concerns about the study because despite the well-designed randomized study; the study didn't include a satisfying number of female participants. The study was also conducted on esophageal, colorectal and lung cancers.

Doctors try to find a way for their patient suffering from a rare skin condition that causes her skin to blister and bleed if it touches anything, to attend her senior prom.

From Pure Genius Season 1 Episode 11 'Touch and Go' - James and Zoe try radical treatments on a girl with a rare skin disorder in an attempt to heal her in time for her prom; James considers an experimental cure for Louis Keating's GSS condition; Malik is jealous of James and Zoe's special connection.

Pure Genius (2016) A young tech-titan from Silicon Valley decides to build a hospital with a new-school approach to medicine and enlists a veteran surgeon who has a controversial past.

Watch full episodes of Pure Genius here: https://www.justwatch.com/uk/tv-series/pure-genius

Welcome to MD TV! A channel dedicated to your favourite medical dramas! Featuring iconic moments from House M.D., Chicago Med and more. Follow the professional and personal lives of the hospital staff, as you go a journey right from the very first doctor's call to the E.R and beyond. MD TV is packed full of drama, intrigue, and plenty of medical emergencies!

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Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has recently emerged as a therapeutic option for patients with severe aortic stenosis

This case study video from www.5thavesurgery.com shows a 19 year old patient getting breast reduction surgery in NYC. This surgery made a tremendous difference in the life of this young woman, see how it can do the same for you.

A video showing the technique of BoTox injection which is widely used by plastic surgeons to make wrinkles disappear

The drugs known as targeted therapy help stop cancer from growing and spreading. They work by targeting specific genes or proteins. These genes and proteins are found in cancer cells or in cells related to cancer growth, like blood vessel cells. Doctors often use targeted therapy with chemotherapy and other treatments.

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Asthma was originally described as an inflammatory disease that predominantly involves the central airways. Pathological and physiological evidence reported during the past few years suggests that the inflammatory process extends beyond the central airways to the peripheral airways and the lung parenchyma. The small airways are capable of producing T-helper-2 cytokines, as well as chemokines, and they have recently been recognized as a predominant site of airflow obstruction in asthmatic persons. The inflammation at this distal site has been described as more severe than large airway inflammation. These findings are of great clinical significance, and highlight the need to consider the peripheral airways as a target in any therapeutic strategy for treatment of asthma.

Elizabeth Stephens, MD joined the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota in 2019. To learn more about Dr. Stephens’ practice: https://www.mayoclinic.org/bio....graphies/stephens-el
Elizabeth H. Stephens, M.D., Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Surgery in Cardiovascular Surgery specializing in congenital cardiac surgery. She received her medical degree from Baylor College of Medicine and Ph.D in Bioengineering from Rice University focusing on tissue engineering heart valves. Her adult cardiothoracic training was completed at Columbia University and congenital training at Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago. Her clinical areas of expertise include the treatment of:

• Neonates, infants, and children with complex congenital heart disease
• Adult patients with congenital heart disease, including patients previously repaired
• Valve disease, including Ebstein's anomaly
• Pediatric patients with heart failure, including mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation
• Patients with vascular rings and tracheal stenosis

In addition to her clinical areas of expertise, Dr. Stephens is active in outcomes research relative to congenital heart disease and is extensively published on various cardiac surgery conditions. She has a particular interest in education, including serving on national committees and mentoring trainees of all levels.