A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via specialized connections called synapses.

Paronychias are most often caused by common skin bacteria (most commonly staphylococci bacteria) entering the skin around the nail that has been damaged by trauma, such as nail biting, finger sucking, dishwashing, or chemical irritants. Fungal infection also can be a cause of paronychia formation and should be considered especially in people with recurrent infection. Paronychia should not be confused with herpetic whitlow, which can form tiny pustules on the finger and is caused by a virus but is not typically located at the nail edge. Herpetic whitlow is not treated with an incision and drainage and therefore needs to be distinguished from a paronychia.

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Thoracic outlet syndrome affects the space between the collarbone and first rib (thoracic outlet). Common causes include trauma, repetitive injuries, pregnancy, and anatomical defects, such as having an extra rib. Symptoms include pain in the shoulders and neck and numbness, weakness, and coldness in the fingers. Treatment involves physical therapy and pain relief. In rare cases, surgery may be needed to relieve the compression.

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Otto Placik MD. a board certified Chicago Illinois based plastic surgeon presents instructional video on post genital surgery (labia minora reduction aka labiaplasty or labioplasty or clitoral hood reduction) massage exercises for treatment of labum minora psot surgical fibrosis or hypersensitivity. Photos pictures and video of anatomic models are reviewed . Great for patients thinking about or planning labiaplasty or vaginal cosmetic surgery

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Ascites, the collection of fluid within the peritoneal space is caused due to a variety of causes including cirrhosis, cardiac causes, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, tubercular peritonitis and pancreatitis, amongst others. Most commonly, the cause of ascots may be cirrhosis , which in turn, is most frequently causes by alcohol use, hepatitis C and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. At the heart of the ascitic fluid analysis is the serum albumin ascitic gradient, the differential diagnosis of which has been discussed in detail in this presentation. Both low SAAG and high SAAG ascites have been dealt with in some depth, with a brief overview of the management of these conditions

Cytoplasmic organelles are "little organs" that are suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell. Each type of organelle has a definite structure and a specific role in the function of the cell. Examples of cytoplasmic organelles are mitochondrion, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

There are two main purposes of an arterial line. Firstly when patients are very sick an arterial line is inserted to provide constant monitoring and recording of the patient's blood pressure. Secondly some patients require frequent blood tests and the arterial line provides easy access to a patient's blood.

Doctors save the life of an unborn baby who was injured along with her mother in a missile attack in the Syrian city of Aleppo. The video shows a team of emergency medical workers delivering the baby by Cesarean section and then treating the newborn for the shrapnel wounds covering her body and one very large gash in her head. “Medics can be seen frantically reviving the baby, after delivering her by emergency cesarean, as she lies motionless,” the article states. “Eventually the tiny newborn begins to cry and seemingly comes to life as she is given an oxygen mask and rubbed vigorously.” “According to Reuters, the woman also has three other children, all of whom were injured in the attack, but are reported by doctors in the hospital to be in a good condition,” the Daily Mirror article states. The article does not provide the gestational age of the baby before it was delivered. The article said the pregnant woman was hit by a barrel bomb – “crude explosives and shrapnel and dropped from helicopters used by [Syrian] President Bashir al-Assad’s regime." The article notes an estimated 7.6 million Syrians have been displaced by the ongoing civil war and that 320,000, including 11,000 children, have been killed in the conflict. The Daily Mirror also reports that the doctors suggested that the tiny girl be named Amal, which means hope in Arabic. UK Daily Mirror: Incredible footage shows Syrian doctors perform lifesaving caesarean after missile strike leaves shrapnel embedded in unborn baby's face

A central venous catheter, also called a central line, is a long, thin, flexible tube used to give medicines, fluids, nutrients, or blood products over a long period of time, usually several weeks or more. A catheter is often inserted in the arm or chest through the skin into a large vein.

Obstructive lung diseases include conditions that make it hard to exhale all the air in the lungs. People with restrictive lung disease have difficulty fully expanding their lungs with air. Obstructive and restrictive lung disease share the same main symptom: shortness of breath with exertion.

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